The Yellow Wallpaper and the Tell Tale Heart Analysis

Hawkins 1 Deidre Professor Connors English 102-15 March 12, 2011 Narrative Unreliability and Symbolisms in â€Å"The Tell -Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† â€Å"The Tell -Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, was released in 1843. It is one of Poe’s shortest stories and provides a look into paranoia and mental deterioration. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was released in 1899. This story also provides a look into mental deterioration and had been misinterpreted when it was first published. The Poe and Gilman stories discussed in this essay will help readers comprehend the credibility of the narrators and the different symbolisms used to create informative yet suspenseful content. In â€Å"The Tell -Tale Heart,† Poe†¦show more content†¦He laughs at me so about this wallpaper!† (Gilman, p327) The credibility of the narrators in both stories is very unreliable. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, the narrator is giving demonstrations of what he believes to be reasonable. â€Å"Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me.† (Poe, p37) It makes the reader wonder if the character of the narrator is beliveable because he is able to recall the events, or is he truly mad. The narrator is telling his story as if it were a one on one session, which can make it believable and then we begin to separate the madness from the â€Å"actual† events that occurred. While Gilman has written her story as the form of journal entries, this also alters the credibility of the Hawkins 3 narrator because we only know what she wants us to know, resulting in leaving out important facts. â€Å"I did write for a while in spite of them; but is does exhaust me a good deal---having to be so sly abut it, or else meet with heavy opposition.† (Gilman, p326) She is not honest about writing with her husband, and this proves that she is more than willing to tell her story her way. The symbolisms greatly have an impact on the suspense in each story. Gilman uses wallpaper to symbolize some sort of text she must interpret and believes it affects her in some way directly. â€Å"There are things in the wallpaper that nobody knows about butShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay: Yellow Wallpaper and Story of the Hour1517 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Victoria Reyes English 104-OL5 Professor Steiner September 9, 2013 â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of The Hour: A Character Analysis† Marriage has often been described as one of the most beautiful and powerful unions one human can form with another. It is the sacred commitment and devotion that two people share in a relationship that makes marriage so appealing since ancient times, up until today. 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Failure of the Belmont Report - 847 Words

One. The Belmont Report has failed to distinguish different sources including the kinds of vulnerability or to map particular protections to particular vulnerabilities (Rogers Lange, 2013). This can be a problem because different kinds of vulnerability justify different responses. Nickel (2006) claims that there are two overlapping senses of vulnerability at work with the Belmont Report and in following human research ethics guidelines (p.2141). The first relates to the capacity to give informed consent, which the Belmont Report connects to the principle of respect for autonomy (Nickel, 2006). The second is the sense of vulnerability, as explained by Nickel, which relates to the Belmont Reports principles of justice meaning fairness (Nickel, 2006). The concern here is that vulnerable groups may be overrepresented in research for example, when the group lacks understanding or power to refuse participation (Rogers Lange, 2013). This is explicit in the Belmont Report. Within t he study, it was also explained that vulnerable groups may be excluded from research and thereby be excluded from the benefits of participation in clinical trials and subsequent access to treatments for which research evidence exists (Nickel, 2006). Research ethics guidelines that simply list groups likely to be vulnerable run a risk of stereotyping, and of the consequent harms of unjustified exclusion of research (Rogers Lange, 2013, p. 2141). Yes, I believe the authors within the articleShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War As A Propagandist War1291 Words   |  6 Pagestone. When the Civil War had just begun, there was already a general dislike of the war in the North, which set the tone for said pieces of the Union. â€Å"Early in the conflict, negative press plagued Union generals, and Grant was no exception. 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Incremental and Radical Innovation Free Essays

In recent years, the importance of innovation in business cannot be emphasized too much. Along with rapid economic development, the cooperation having innovative ability enables them to own a place in this competitive society. In order to achieve the goal of survival, the firms need to understand the different types of innovation from incremental innovation and radical innovation for those firms who guarantee with the product quality, the lower cost and increasing profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Incremental and Radical Innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following this essay, the difference between incremental and radical innovation are the distinctness of change level of technology and the difference of effectiveness. Following this essay, the effectiveness of two different types of innovation and an example of each types would be explanatory. Innovation can be used in invention or improvement of products, production process, organization and staff creativity. According to the change level of technology , there are different types of innovation, one is incremental innovation and the other is radical innovation. Utilizing which types of innovation depends on what kind of conditions does a cooperation faces. Different consequence would be reached while adopting these two types on innovative system. To begin with, the definition of incremental innovation is ‘doing what we do but better’ (Tidd, Bessant, 2009, p. 27). It usually bases on improvement or boost the existing technology, products or process for maintaining the competitiveness of specific market. Adopting incremental innovation could results in enormous cost saving through upgrading or improving old products or service. Stamm,2003,p260) . In terms of reduction of inefficiencies and waste, which could benefit company from saving money, resources or time. Also this effectiveness from incremental innovation could benefit not only cooperation, but also customers. For example, a famous US airplane company – American Airlines Incorporated (AA). In 1986, when AA had faced a downturn trend with profits, they cut a signific ant cost on their on board meal. (Maynard 2005). Their crew found out that 72% of passengers do not use olive in their salad catering from airplane. The price of salad was included five items, if they change their ingredients of food without olive, it can save $500,000 cost annual year. Since this incremental innovation had reduced the operating cost significantly, increasingly amenities had been cut for less spending such as playing cards, postcards and some toys for children. Although this type of innovation cannot bring new income directly, it does not mean it cannot save a enormous money. Compared with incremental innovation which means doing what we do better, the radical innovation refers to do something different. (Tidd, Bessant, 2009, p. 7) Radical innovation is the revolutionary change in technology or market. To make a breakthrough on the limitation of current technology and production capability , which could strengthen and sustain a firm’s leadership in the market. Moreover, a radical innovation could change current competitive condition, creating a new market and making more opportunities for much benefits and profitability . For example a light emitting diode-LED which is a major device in current life. (It would be finished next time) These two different types of innovation are used in different conditions. Incremental innovation is generally a short-term innovation. On the other hand, radical innovation would continue more longer, usually over 10 years, referring to an high risk investment. Furthermore, radical innovation requires ability of high level of technology innovation, which means it need a relative large expense of investment rather than that of incremental innovation. (Ten3 Business e-Coach 2004) To sum up, in this changing commercial environment, each company should keep learning and carrying out knowledge of innovation to achieve their commitments with profits growth. How to cite Incremental and Radical Innovation, Papers

Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer Essay Example For Students

Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer Essay Cfcs Cause Deterioration of the Ozone LayerThe deterioration of the ozone layer , caused by Cfcs, endangers thelives of humans. Cfcs have a diminishing effect on the ozone layer. Furthermore, the deterioration of the ozone cause an increase of Ultraviolet(UV) radiation which can have a negative effect on human skin and eyes. As awriter for newsweek, I have investigated the scenario and found the followinginformation. The earths atmosphere is a blanket of air that surrounds the planet. This atmospheric air is made up of many different gases, 78% nitrogen, 21%oxygen, and 1% of a dozen or more other gases like carbon dioxide, helium, andozone. This atmosphere extends many miles out from the earths surface. However, this layer is not a uniform layer, from top to bottom. As one movesout from the planets surface the atmosphere becomes progressively dense. Thisatmosphere can be divide into four major regions. The first region is the troposphere which extends about 6.5 miles abovethe planets surface. The troposphere contains the oxygen that we breath and iswhere a majority of our weather takes place. Beyond the troposphere is the second region of the atmosphere, thestratosphere. The stratosphere extends from roughly 6.5-30 miles from theearths surface. The air on this region is much less dense than in thetroposphere, and its a lot drier. The stratosphere is the area that containsthe majority of the ozone layer. Past the stratosphere is the mesosphere which extends to 50 miles abovethe planet. The last region is the thermosphere. The thermospheres outermostedge is roughly 600 miles above the surface of the earth. Beyond it, theairless vacuum of space begins. Oxygen is made up of two oxygen atoms that are bonded together. In theperiodic table it is represented by O2. Like oxygen, ozone is a gas that is made up of oxygen atoms. However,a molecule of ozone is made up of three atoms of oxygen bonded together,therefore, O3, represents ozone. The ozone makes up only .01% of the atmosphere. Furthermore, 90% of the ozone is found in the stratosphere. It is concentratedin a layer between 7 and 22 miles above the earths surface. The massive depth of the ozone in the stratosphere would lead you tobelieve that it is very thick, it is not. If it were condensed, the ozonelayer would only be a few millimeters thick (Rowland and Molina 1994. p.23). The ozone is made in the stratosphere. It is continuously being formed,broken down, and reformed, over and over again. Furthermore, the three keyelements of the cycle are: oxygen, ozone, and the energy from the sun. The ultimate source of energy for our planet is the sun. This energytravels through space in the form of Electromagnetic Radiation. Furthermore,this electromagnetic radiation is often referred to as waves and their length,therefore, wavelengths. The sun has a wide range of wavelengths. This range isknown as the Electromagnetic Spectrum. In this spectrum there is Gamma,Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, and Radio waves. It is the ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun that drives theozone cycle in the stratosphere. When a oxygen molecule is hit by a high-energyUV ray, the O2 molecule absorbs the rays energy. As a result, the bond holdingthe oxygen molecule together breaks. This break separates the molecule, O2=O+O. These separate molecules quickly join with nearby oxygen molecules to form aozone molecule, O3=O2+O. Simultaneously, ozone molecules are being hit, theyabsorb the rays energy and break apart, leaving behind an oxygen molecule and asingle oxygen molecule, O3O2-O. At this time, the entire process repeatsitself making new molecules that are separated which combine to make newmolecules, over and again (Rowland and Molin 1991 p. 42). As a result of this cycle, about the same amount of ozone is produced asis broken down in the stratosphere. Therefore, the amount of ozone stays thesame under normal circumstances (Rowland and Molina 1991 p.43). A constant and stable ozone layer are important for life on earthbecause the high-energy UV rays that are absorbed in the ozone layer areextremely dangerous. These rays can kill some things while seriously damagingothers. For example, some bacteria exposed to UV rays will die. Plants, onland and in oceans, can be seriously damaged or even destroyed by UV rays. Whenhumans are exposed to the powerful rays, their skin can burn, damage to the eyes, and permanent changes in cells that can lead to cancer and other problems canoccur. By absorbing the UV rays, the ozone molecules in the ozone layer form ashield that protects life on earth from the dangerous and even deadly UV rays. Gaining the Respect of Others EssayIn the US there were 500,000 cases of the first, 100,.000 cases of the second,and 27,000 of the third type, in 1990(Wayne p. 47). Furthermore, cases ofmelanoma have been estimated to be increasing at an average of 10% from 1979 to1993 and even larger increases are believed to be occurring in the southernhemisphere. Also, studies suggest that a 1% decrease in stratospheric ozonewill result in a 2% increase of skin cancers (Wayne p.49). Moreover, some ofthese skin cancers can result in death. Malignant melanoma is much moredangerous, however, they are the least common. Malignant melanoma effects thepigment cell in the skin which can spread rapidly to the blood and lymphaticsystem. Furthermore, Wayne says, these have become increasingly frequentthroughout the world, especially in areas of higher latitudes. Moreover, thereis a correlation between melanomas and exposure to UV. Melanoma incidence iscorrelated with latitude, with twice as many deaths (re lative to statepopulation) in Florida or Texas as in Wisconsin or Montana(Wayne p.50). Furthermore, melanomas can take up too 20 years to develop, therefore, time willgive us a better example of the effects of increased UV rays have on the skin. The eyes are also affected by UV rays. An increase in UV rays results in an increase of UV absorption by theeye. Chronic UV exposure has been shown to be a factor in eye disease, saysRoach. Moreover, blindness from cataracts is the number one preventable causeof cataracts (Roach p.119). The latest findings indicate that for every 1%decrease in ozone levels results in a .6-.8% increase in eye cataracts, orannually approximately 100,000 to 150,000 additional cases of cataract-inducedblindness worldwide (Roach p.122-3). Moreover, UV rays cause other eye injures including photokeratitis, alsoknown as sun blindness or snow blindness, damage to the retina, and intraocularmelanoma tumors. Roachs predictions suggest a substantial future increase ineye cancer rates. However, some, object to the effects Cfcs have on the ozoneand on humans. Two of the more common objections are: Cfcs are two heavy to reach thestratosphere and we should not be concerned about Cfcs because the majority ofchlorine in the atmosphere is created by the acidification if salt spray. However, for the first objection, atmospheric gases do not segregate byweight in the troposphere and the stratosphere. This is because verticaltransport in the troposphere takes place by convection and turbulent mixing,says Wayne. Furthermore Wayne says, in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere,it takes place by eddy diffusion, the gradual mechanical mixing of gas bymotions on smaller scales, these mechanisms due not distinguish molecularmasses (Wayne Ch. 4). As for the second objection, it is an assumption that is not correct atall. Eighty percent of the chlorine found is from Cfcs and other man madeorganic chlorine compounds (Rowland 1989 p.77). In conclusion, despite the increasing list of negative affects of UVradiation, we continue to release ozone depleting chemicals into the atmosphere. Despite the availability of safer alternatives, we continue to promotetechnologies that are only slightly safer than the ones they replaced. Despiteall of the current information on the destructive affects of Cfcs, we stillcontinue to use them on a mass scale. Scientific research has only began to discover the impacts of UVradiation, however, what we do know should be enough for action. We cannotafford to sit around and wait for the damage to reach a point that makes usreact, by then it will be too late. The time to act is now because even with an immediate and complete endto production and release of ozone-depleting substances to the environment, weare still left with many decades of decreasing ozone and increased UV exposure. We must think long term and act now. Works CitedFarman, J.C., B.G. Gardiner, and J.D. Shankin. Large losses of total ozone inAntarticareveal seasonal CIOx/NOx interaction. Nature v.230 (Aug.4,1985): p.205-215. Roach, M. Sun Track. Health v.201 (May/June 1992): p.119-125. Rowland, F.S. Chloroflourocarbons and the depletion of stratospheric ozone.American Scientist v.128 (Nov. 4,1989): p. 70-78. Rowland, F.S. and M.J. Molina. Ozone depletion: 20 years after the alarm.ChemicalEngineering News v.20 (Jan.11,1994): p. 20-34. Rowland, F.S. and M.J. Molina. Chloroflourocarbons in the environment.Rev.Geophys. and Space Phys. v.7 (Mar.1975): p. 13-73Wayne, R.P. Chemistry of Atmosphere. New York: Oxford Univ.,1991.

Adolf Hitler Essays (922 words) - Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, to some, was a great ruler, but to others he was a murderer. Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and was the dictator of Germany. He ordered to have millions of Jews murdered or thrown in prisons. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889, in a small town in Australia called Branuan. His dad's name was Alios Hitler and was a customs official. He was 51 years old when Adolf was born. Klara Polz, Adolf's mother, was a farm girl and was 28 when Adolf was born. Klara and Alios had 6 children , but only Adolf and his sister Paula survived childhood. Adolf was a good student in elementary and got good grades. When he reached high school his studies dropped, and he dropped out of school when he was just 16 years old. In 1903 his father, Alios, died. Four years later, Hitler went to Vienna to study art, while he was away his mother, Klara, died. Hitler's hate for Jews and Slavs grew and became fiercely nationalistic. In 1913 he moved to Munich, Germany to become part of the Australian Army. The army found him physically unfit to be in the service. World War I began August 1914 and Hitler immediately signed for the Germany Army and was accepted. He served as a messenger and was decorated twice for bravery after two near death experiences. He was promoted to corporal. While recovering from an battle injury that caused temporary blindness, Germany surrendered to her enemies in November 1918. Hitler was angered and felt compelled to save Germany. In the Autumn of 1919, Hitler attended meetings of the Germany Workers Party. After joining the group and they decided to change their name to National Socialist German Workers. This party was soon known as the Nazi party. Hitler was chosen as the leader because he was a skillful politician and organizer. In 1923 German workers went on strike against the government. Germany's money value decreased to about nothing. Hitler proclaimed a Nazi revolution or a putch. While Hitler and 2,000 troops were protesting, the police shot into the crowd, killing 16 troops. Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in jail. While Hitler was in jail he wrote the Mein Kamph which means My Struggle. The book revealed his beliefs and ideas for Germany's government and his plans on taking over Europe. He believed that Germans were superior humanity and Hitler wanted to keep Germany pure. He said Jews and Slavs were the evils of the world. In December 1924, Hitler was released after serving only nine months. The economy's recovery was very slow, but now most people had work, homes, food, and hopes for the future. After the revolt, the government decided to outlaw the Nazi party. Hitler argued against the government to lift the law. The government later decided to lift the law. The depression hit Germany in 1930. Hitler spoke many speeches promising to get rid of the communists and other enemies. In 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany. There were two other Nazi in the cabinet, Goering and Wilhelm Frick. Through Wilhelm Frick leadership the Nazis had control of the police. Groering organized a big army and ordered them to shoot any enemies on any encounter. When the dictator, Hindenburg, died, Hitler became dictator and received full power of Germany. Hitler preferred the name Fuhrer und Reichskanzer meaning leader. With the Nazi party controlling Germany, Jews were ordered around frequently. In 1935 the Jews in Germany were declared to have lesser rights than any other citizens. Thousands of Jews decided to leave their homes. The Jews who stayed were forced into concentration camps and needed official permission to accept work, move, or even travel. Hitler set up organizations to train children military discipline and loyalty to the country. The boys organizations was called Hitler's Youth. The girls organization was called Society of Germany Maidens. The kids were taught to spy on their families and report on anti-Nazi criticism. Hitler began to build the army so it was ready to fight. In 1938 Hitler took over Australia and made is part of Germany. In March 1939 he took over Czechoslovakia. Later on September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland starting World War 2.

Sun poisoning Essay Example

Sun poisoning Essay Example Sun poisoning Paper Sun poisoning Paper The current belief of postmodernism Is that a correct and precise description of reality Is Impossible. The truth, said by Unlatched, Is Limited and constantly evolving. There Is a focus on the deconstruction and fragmentation of novels, paintings and general art and because of that, it is nearly impossible to give a clear definition of the term post-modernism. Authors such as Hark Murrain and Michael Strung Summary of the text The short story Sun poisoning is about a couple, whom we never get a name for, hat is going on a vacation to Haiti after the boyfriend has finished an art show in New York and decides that both of them need to get away. The story focuses on the girlfriend who isnt too happy about going on vacation because she thinks that It Is a lot more hard work than just staying at home. The girlfriend complains a lot about the food and general location of their hotel and Is not really pleased with their vacation. One day her boyfriend falls Ill and sleeps all day and the girlfriend Is mad at him for leaving her alone, but the next day, when they are about to eat dinner, the relined falls ill herself and has been sun poisoned from laying on the beach too much and for the rest of the vacation she has to wear long pants, shirts, a cap and shoes and she can barely walk three steps without her body burning. The story end with an ironic note about the, in the girlfriends eyes, crappy three man band that only knows two song. Characterization The girlfriend We do not get a name for her, nor do we get an exact age, but I would think that she is around the late twenties or early thirties because she has a boyfriend, not a husband and because she cares a lot about how she looks. She is a woman who eels out of place In her body. She Is the protagonist of the short story and Is very negative. She doesnt really get the whole female thing with waxing ones legs and removing body oils and then spreading different oils all over ones body. Since you are kind of reading the womans thoughts in the short story you can tell that she is very ironic. 4 She does not like talking to new people as she drags her boyfriend away from Michael and Linda; a couple they met when they saw a bush fire on the other side of the bay. The boyfriend We do not get a lot of information about the boyfriend in the short story but he mess a lot more optimistic than his girlfriend. He is the antagonist of the short story. He is a painter, an artist, who Just had a show in New York and needed to get away. He is creative and has a sense of humor and takes good care of his girlfriends Analysis The setting of the short story Is partly In New York, when they are getting ready and In Halt when they are on vacation The story Is written In a Second person narrative seeing as the pronoun you is used frequently to describe the plot of the story and Girlfriend and her inner self and the problems and conflicts she has inside, as she goes not feel comfortable in her female body. She feels like she doesnt belong in her body and would much rather be a man, because she thinks that it would be a lot easier. The language and form of the short story is very fragmented and very much like a stream of consciousness from the main characters point of view. Fragmentation is also an important trait in post-modernism. Interpretation You can interpret the woman as to having an identity crisis, which many people had in the eighties because of the new form of industrialization caused by MET, the origin of music videos and there became a lot more focus on ones appearance and body. The androgynous look came in to fashion and it developed a more blurry line between the two sexes. The woman in the short story does not feel at home in her own body as a female and would much rather be a man because it seems like less of a hassle. She feels as if her female appearance is a faded . Putting the text into perspective As seen in the poem Interferer by Susan Hamlin, seen on our curriculum. The truth is unstable. The main person in the poem sends a virtual bouquet of flowers and it depicts the fragmentation of the world and the new industrialization. Conclusion Post-modernism comes to a strange conclusion that; We can image things that do not physically exist We cannot image things that do physically exist. Therefore to summarize; The text Sun poisoning gives a view of reality by ONE woman who has her doubts about who she is. She imagines things about herself that do not physically exist, her doubt, her sex, her identity. Post-modernism tries to break up with the traits of modernism; the feeling of the big city and the industrialization. In post-modernism there is a universal truth that is open for interpretation and re-interpretation. The truth simply becomes unstable.

ETHICS AND VALUES PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ETHICS AND VALUES PAPER - Essay Example These differences can be controlled only if codes of ethics are used in the culture and structure of an organization. In US, National Association of Social Workers is considered as the primary standard of ethics by profession. This code of ethics is a set of principles, standards and core values. These things facilitate ethical decisions making. Social workers navigate in a community and they participate in interdisciplinary teams. This enables a manager to perform different set of services on the basis of different professional values; it leads to increase in ethical dilemma numbers too. Social workers have ethical responsibility towards clients, colleagues, professionals, social work professions and to the society as a whole. Social workers enhance social change and justice on behalf of clients. In this paper, concept of client is used in a broader sense, i.e. it includes individuals, families, organizations, groups and communities. They are sensitive to ethnic and cultural diversity. They enhance people capacity to identify their own needs. Social workers also seek to promote the responsiveness of organizations, communities and other social institutions to individuals needs and social problems. NASW code of ethics does not specify which principle, standards or values are important in dealing with human diversity. It gives ability to use any code in order to solve a dilemma. There are differences in persons on the basis of opinions and thinking. One should be able to handle diverse working conditions. In such situation ethical decision should be made and judgment should be formed in all individuals. Social workers should also judge peers and other colleagues so that professional standards should be appli ed. NASW code of ethics is a conceptual framework for professional behavior promotion. It helps to reduce the constraints of behavior and enables individuals to work with different people in society and organizations. Social workers professional

Enquiry Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enquiry Topics - Essay Example The debates in the state legislatures for ratification threw up serious concerns about the absence of protection of individual rights in the constitution which could lead to the government imposing tyrannical controls over its citizens. James Madison, the principal architect of the constitution, promised that the document would be amended to include individual rights. Several key states insisted on amendments and two states, North Carolina and Rhode Island refused to ratify the constitution without such amendments (Bill of Rights Institute1, 2010). This was the reason of urgency in introducing the legislation when the first congress met. The Bill of Rights is important because it guarantees what are termed the natural or inalienable rights of people. In the US Declaration of Independence, these rights include â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness†. The ten amendments to the constitution that make up the Bill of Rights describe elements of these natural rights and en sure that the government cannot enact any laws that contravene these rights of the people. (Bill of Rights Institute 2, 2010). Though most people would name the First Amendment that guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly as the most important, the Fourth Amendment which protects citizens against unreasonable search and seizure has greater importance in distinguishing the US from a totalitarian state. This amendment ensures that no search or seizure can occur without a warrant issued on the basis of probable cause. The warrant also needs to describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized (Archives.gov, n.d) 2) What test is used to determine whether a police officer’s conduct constituted a â€Å"show of legal authority†? What factors are relevant in applying this test? How does the court determine when a seizure occurred? Why is it often necessary for the courts to pinpoint the exact moment a seizure occurred? By case law, a police offi cer is permitted to stop, interrogate and frisk a person if he has reasonable suspicion of wrong doing or to prevent the possibility of a crime being committed. Such detention or seizure without a warrant is considered to represent a â€Å"show of legal authority†. The courts recognize that such police action is in violation of the provisions of the Fourth Amendment but have balanced this against the need to give the police some discretion for effective law enforcement. A police officer is permitted to approach an individual in a public place and ask if he will answer some questions. The individual may decline to do so and that cannot be the sole grounds for detaining that person. The person so stopped may be frisked for hidden weapons if the police officer believes there is danger to his person or to others from the individual. In stopping such an individual, there must be no excess display of force such as the police officer drawing a weapon or multiple officers surrounding the person (Gorton, 1970). In various cases, the Supreme Court has defined seizure of the person to occur when a reasonable person believes that he or she is no longer free to terminate the encounter with the police and leave. In the 1991 case California v. Holdari, D., the court has held that seizure occurs when an individual is subject to physical force or a show of authority and the person yields to such force or authority (Sullivan, 2010). It is important to pinpoint the exact moment when a seizure has occurred because the courts are required to exclude

To what extent should TV news coverage be driven by the quality of Essay

To what extent should TV news coverage be driven by the quality of footage available, prioritised over the quality of a story - Essay Example The major consideration in the selection of news is the quality of presented content. This seeks to offer the viewers the best coverage within a certain area. In news coverage, certain pieces of news are considered paramount and more important than others depending on the section under which the news falls. Immediacy and importance of certain subject to the populace are the two criteria utilized in the determination of content that ought to be presented in news coverage (Gripsrud 1999, 56). In accordance with this, coverage of the world news, the relative significance of certain occurrences that ought to be covered on the news, are measured against other criteria such as power and distance. This implies that occurrences that have greater influence on the structures of power and prominence within a given society are greatly considered compared to other events that have little influence on this area (Gripsrud 1999, 56). Events that are appreciably associated or connected to the society attain greater coverage than other events, which have no connection or association to the society. Certainly, magnificent disasters that emanate from remote regions coupled with available footage have a propensity of getting into television news (Gripsrud 1999, 56). These events meet the criteria for television news on the grounds of immediacy. The makes the presence of footage for certain events direct to prioritization over the quality of the offered stories. Quality of footage has been improved to a greater extent through novel news technologies that have been directed by the demand. These technologies offer newsrooms with instantaneous content that increase the work for news creation staff, since it offers diversity and difficulty in choosing the most imperative and striking news footage or stories. These technologies allow the populace to experience news live as the events transpire in the real world. Numerous considerations are made concerning news coverage with other criteri a being secondary to the earlier mentioned criteria of immediacy and imperativeness (Gripsrud 1999, 56). Therefore, the quality of footage being offered is almost not considered in the presentation of news on television. This implies that the quality of footage is irrelevant within the news coverage context. For that reason, news has the capacity to acknowledge poor-quality news content and even poor quality speakers considering the subject of immediacy and significance of the presented events. These two factors are the principal considerations in the provision of footage that can either be quality or not. Therefore, these factors are considered as the determinants for the content that ought to be covered in television news. The populace is acquainted with the unaesthetic framing, presence of content that is captured through sudden pan shot, the dubious quality of the sound of the presented content, blurred images and other images presented under dazzling light (Gripsrud 1999, 56). This is considered wild footage that emanates from untamed world. Such content is considered imperative, despite the quality of content provided. The footage that has been presented is regarded a priority with regard to the quality of the story being presented. Bulletins for the news are developed, or created, by stitching these rushed, unreliable and poor quality contents from different sources (Gripsrud 1999,

Literature on the Caste system in India

Literature on the Caste system in India There is a vast literature on Caste system in India with a long and diverse background. This chapter aims to review some of the relevant literatures pertaining to the caste system prevailing in India. Different authors might have varied perceptions about this particular topic for discussion. According to Louis Dumont (1980) in his book Homo Hierarchicus which has details about the caste system and its implication, demonstrates that Indian society was structured on a firm notion of hierarchy that was based on the relationship between the pure and the impure. It is more of a religious than a political or economic notion. He defines hierarchy as the principle by which the elements of a whole are ranked in relation to the whole, it being understood that in the majority of societies it is religion which provides the view of the whole, and that the ranking will thus be religious in nature(Dumont,L.1980). He also points out the prevalence of traditional hierarchy which was based on varnas or colours whereby people were divided into four categories namely Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras and; untouchables are outside the classification. M.N.Srinivas (1962) in his book Caste in Modern India and Other Essays, highlights the part played by caste in democratic processes of modern India in administration and education. The author came across certain conflicting attitudes among the people of the elite class whereby one group wanted legislation to eradicate the social evils pertaining to the caste system and on the other hand, there were people who were not only determined not to fight the evil but also tried to practise this system. In his work he tries to explain the concepts of two social processes namely Sanskritization and Westernization. Sankritization is the part of social mobility as well as the idiom in which mobility expresses itself. This is said to occur within the framework of caste whereas Westernization happens outside the framework of caste. However, Sanskritisation may lead to castes becoming unpopular with their neighbours whereby the leaders of upper or dominant caste may show their bitterness by even to rturing the members of the lower castes. In independent India, the reservations and safeguards granted to the backwards sections especially the Scheduled Caste and Tribes have helped in the upliftment of the lower caste. He also brings into notice the effects of British rule on the caste system which in a way helped in taking over the power previously exercised by the caste panchayats. A new principle of justice was introduced by the British which said all men are equal before the law, and that the nature of a wrong is not affected by the caste of a person who is committing it, or by the caste of the person against whom it is committed (M.N.Srinivas, 1962). This has not been fully followed in the rural areas where caste panchayats are still functioning strongly. The author argues that the Varna system has certainly warped the caste but it has enabled ordinary folks to comprehend the caste system by providing them with a simple and candid system that is applicable to all parts of Ind ia. To the question of can castes exists in the India of tomorrow the author opines that only a minority considers caste as an evil to the whole nation and that this minority is gradually increasing every day. Moreover in rural areas it is possible to come across urbanized young people who consider caste detrimental to healthy relations between people. He concludes by saying that nothing else but the people themselves must understand that caste necessarily means casteism and that benefits it offers are bought at a heavy price for the country as a whole. Taya.Zinkin (1962) in her book Caste Today describes the caste system in India. She considers its origin, the way it works, what democracy is doing to caste and vice versa. In her work she states that caste is not class and that every caste has educated and uneducated, rich and poor, well born and ordinary born. The author also says that caste is not dependent on colour because a Brahmin will not stop being a Brahmin if he is black skinned nor does an untouchable stop being one if he is fair skinned. She also argues that caste is not based on occupation, however various other literatures may not completely agree to what this author states. According to her caste is a way of life which divides society into small groups, each of which lives in a rather different way from the rest. Due to these differences, tiny groups and important aspects of life like marriage take place within them, these groups have immense control of power and thus a better survival. Before she goes into the detail s of castes, sub- castes and untouchability she tries to explain the concept of re- incarnation. It is said that the whole system is based upon a combination of status fixed by birth and rebirth. This means that a persons birth in the existing life depends on the consequences of his deeds done in past life i.e. if one performs his duties well complying with what he is supposed to do then he may be reborn in a better situation or not be reborn at all. Marriage customs vary with castes and sub-castes. Untouchables usually make late marriages unlike the Brahmins who make early arranged child marriages. Finally Tan Zinkin(1962) talks about the beginnings of the breakdown and the loss of belief of the Hindu society. Change of attitudes among the castes and sub-castes were witnessed. More recently, loss of belief has been the result, of the spread of education to the rural areas. With education came an arousing of new expectations, which through much of the Indian peninsula produced a new non-Brahmanical leadership, a leadership which was not only non- Brahmin but positively anti -Brahmin (Tan Zinkin, 1962.pp38). Tan Zinkin has been pretty much argumentative on the concept of caste. She strongly says what caste in not rather than what caste is. The theory about re incarnation has helped me to know more about the birth and rebirth cycle with regard to the caste system. Marc Galanter (1963.pp 544-559) in his article Law and Caste in Modern India focuses on caste and laws pertaining to it during the British rule in India. He describes the way in which the legal rules and regulations affect the caste as an institution. The legal view of caste is explained under three headings namely personal law, caste autonomy and precedence and disabilities. First being legal rights and obligations of a person which is determined by the identity of the caste group to which he belongs. During the British period caste was little used for the occurrence of legal regulation and moreover all castes irrespective of their ranks had to follow the same rights and duties. However caste customs varied when it came to law of succession, law of adoption and law of marriage. Marriages between different castes or varnas were not allowed. Caste autonomy conferred some right to the caste groups to enforce certain rules which were not disturbed by the government. Precedence and disab ilities dealt with the legal interventions with regard to the relations between castes. Courts imposed certain rules such as restriction on the entry of a particular caste into temples. This shows that even though the British did help in reducing the caste discrimination, on the other hand they ended up aggravating it to a certain extent. The author also talks about the independent India where the higher castes have lost their dominance over legal matters and moreover the lower ahs castes have acquired certain government benefits regarding equality and other preferential treatments. Marc Galanter (1963) concludes this essay by saying that British period may be considered as a period ofSanskritzation in legal notion of caste. (1963.pp559) Caste- based oppression in India lives today in an environment seemingly hostile to its presence: a nation-state that has long been labelled the worlds Largest democracy, a progressive and protective constitution; a system of laws designed to proscribe and punish acts of a discrimination on the basis of caste; broad- based programmes of affirmative action that include constitutionally mandated reservations or quotas for Dalits or so- called Untouchables; and a aggressive economic liberalization campaign to fuel Indias economic growth. Says Smitha Narula(2008) in her article Equal by Law, Unequal by Caste: The Untouchable Condition in Critical Race Perspective. The author talks about the caste system and the discrimination attached to it and the inequality witnessed in India today focusing on the caste and gender- based discrimination and its impact on the Dalits of India. Dr.Santosh Singh Anant(1972) in his work The Changing Concept of Caste in India enumerates the psychological aspects of caste, inter- caste relations and of untouchability. He comments on the theory of status consistency and it is defined as the extent to which an individuals rank positions on a given hierarchies are at a comparable level (Rush, 1967). A Brahmin working as peon in an office and an untouchable or anyone from the lower caste working as a senior officer would be an apt example for status inconsistency. This is however happening due to the spread of education. He brings in one of the several views about the origin of caste system which dates back to 1500 B.C with the advent of Aryans from Central Asia. According to Nehru (1960) The Dravdians were the conquered race and Aryans the conquerors. Since the Dravidians were advanced in their civilization, Aryans considered them to be a potential threat to them. This is considered to be one of reasons why Aryans tried to push th e Dravidians to an inferior position and thus created the theory of four- Varnas or the caste system. The author also points out that socio-economic factors such as education, industrialization, and increase in mobility have abated the rate of discrimination of caste system. Sree Narayana Guru the Ascetic Who Changed the Lunatic Asylum into Gods Own Country is a biography written by Murkot Ramunny about a saint who lived in Kerala state in the Southern part of India. Narayana Guru was a philosopher as well as reformer who immensely contributed to the upliftment of lower castes in Kerala. He helped in bringing about freedom of prayer and education to millions of under privileged in Kerala. It is due to his selfless service to the society that Kerala has attained 100 percent literacy rate compared to other states in India. The author in his article informs us that, even the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi paid him a visit and took inspiration from Guru for the social Upliftment of the lower casts or Harijans (Untouchables). One caste one religion one god for man was his motto. It is years since I left caste and religion. Even then some people are working on presumption that I belong to their community. As a result, a wrong impression has been created in the minds of the people. I do not belong to any caste or religion. In order that only people who do not belong to any caste or religion should succeed me (Narayana Guru, 1091). This piece of literature has helped me in this dissertation to know more about the caste system prevalent in the state of Kerala. According to Harsh Mandir, in his article Burning Baskets of Shame (2010 August 9.pp3), he illustrates a real incident of manual scavenging which had happened in India couple of years back. The statistics shown by him in this article concerning the number of people doing manual scavenging was about 6.4 lacs according to the Planning Commission in 1995. He describes about a campaign named Safai Karmchari Andolan (SKA) which was started as a non-violent mass resistance to end this hideous practice of Manual Scavenging. This campaign was started by an individual who himself was born into a scavenging family who witnessed this abhorring practice from his childhood. As reported by Harsh Mandir in this article SKA is the first movement to end Untouchability in India. But it should be right to say that this was one of the many movements which had taken place in different part of India during different period. In the article The Indian Caste System by Madhudvisa Dasa (August 9, 2010) he tries to explain the caste system in relation to what has been written in the ancient scriptures. He quotes certain ideas from the Holy Book of Hindus, The Bhagavad Gita. The author sheds some light on theVedas, which says that the Varnas or castes are not differentiated on the basis of birth but my mere qualification (Guna) and work (karma). He assumes that the present caste system has degenerated to the extent that people consider men born in Brahmin families as a Brahmin even if he does not exhibit the qualities of a Brahmin. The author agrees to the fact that one takes rebirth according to his past deeds or karma but at the same time he says that in order to become a Brahmin adequate training is required and that it is not conferred automatically by birth as seen in the present generation. Indias hidden apartheid (UNESCO Courier, 2001.pp27-29); an article written by Gopal Guru and Shiraz Sidhva criticizes the abhorrent caste system in India. The article opens with a note which says Indias ancient caste system persists, subjecting millions to degrading poverty and human rights abuses. Attitudes die hard, despite government legislations to usher in change. They comment on the caste system as a means of deployment by the upper caste to suppress the lower caste and thus attain a monopoly over the wealth, knowledge, power and education. The extent of discrimination was immense that these so called untouchables were forced to use drums in order to announce their arrival so that the upper caste is not polluted even by their shadow falling on them. This article informs us that the term untouchables was abolished in 1950 under the constitution of India but there still exists a glimpse of discrimination against them. India has however tried to reduce the discrimination by reserv ing quotas and reservations for the lower castes in education and for government jobs. Caste in doubt: The Indian Census and Caste (2010.June 12, pp46), an article which had been recently published in The Economist has details about the reservations and quotas being introduced for the lower castes. This article also brings into notice the issue relating to the inclusion of caste system in the census which is to be declared in the ten yearly plan in 2011. However this had been faced with criticisms because since 1931 India has not counted caste in the census. Moreover it is impossible for it be included in the census because Indias caste system has not only the four Varnas but also various other sub-castes which may not be evidently recognised by the authorities. In spite of certain obstacles, the economic growth of the country has contributed to the lessening of discrimination on the basis of caste because a number of individuals have moved from the rigid social surroundings to the urban towns and cities in search of jobs where family background is irrelevant. Many Ind ians are becoming caste- blind and marrying across caste lines. Anidhrudda, a 20 year old software engineer in Calcutta, says his inter-caste marriage was no big deal. But even he concedes that there are limits. If he had married a dalit, he says, my family would not have been able to face the society' (The Economist, 2010.pp46). Leaders: Untouchables and Unthinkable; Indian Business (The Economist.2007.pp17) is an article which highlights the point that says that Indian business does not discriminate against the Untouchables or lower castes. Moreover, it condemns the practice of reservation in private sector because it would damage the whole business system. Responsibility for lower castes lack of advancement does not lie with the private sector. There is no evidence that companies discriminate against them. The real culprit is government and the rotten educational system it has created (The Economist.2007.pp17).It is not possible to have reservations in Business like they have it educational systems. This article says that as people get richer their concern about the caste fades. Nowadays middle class Indian families are to be seen marrying outside their caste than the rural poor and less likely to wrinkle their nose at a Dalit. Harold A. Gould in his work The Adaptive Functions of Caste in Contemporary India (1963.pg427) informs us that caste has not fully disappeared even with the advent of modern technology and other social structural changes. His research found out that in rural areas, the existence of caste in the form of ritual purity, occupation, and system of hierarchy still exists in its own way. In contemporary India, however caste system has not disappeared completely but has declined in the urban areas among the educated middle class families. From the above review of Literature and from various other reliable sources it can be understood that it is not possible to witness an India without a small aspect of Caste system. This is because it has been deeply rooted in the minds of Indians since ages and it still continues in certain spheres of their life. Caste system has been a topic of great interest to the Westerners as it fascinates them about the two ideologies- of caste system being important and not being important, existing within the same country and people. Recent articles from The Economist which are mentioned above, mainly talks about the reservations and quotas based on caste rather than discriminating against them on the basis of ritual purity and occupation. However it is not completely true to say that caste system has vanished from the Indian society. Educated Indians know that caste exists, but they are unclear and troubled about what it means for them as members of the society that is a part of the modern w orld. No one can say that it is easy to give a clear and consistent account of the meaning and significance of caste in India today (Fuller.C.J, 1996.Caste Today.pp153)

College Days :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

A year has past and now we stand on the brink of returning to a world where we are surrounded by the paradox of everything, and yet nothing being the same. Â   In days we will reluctantly give our hugs and, fighting the tears, say goodbye to people who were once just names on a sheet of paper to return to people that we hugged and fought tears to say goodbye to before we ever left. We will leave our best friends to return to our best friends. Â   We will go back to the places we came from and go back to the same things we did last summer and every summer before that. We will come into town on the same familiar road, and even though it has been months, it will seem like only yesterday. As you walk into your old bedroom, every emotion will pass through you as you reflect on the way your life has changed and the person you have become. You suddenly realize that the things that were most important to you a year ago don't seem to matter so much anymore, and the things you hold highest now, no one at home will completely understand. Â   The memories and the stories from school won't mean anything to anyone at home and yet you resent them for that, that they can't share that happiness with you. Â   Who will you call first? What will you do your first weekend home with your friends? How long before you actually start missing people barging in without calling or knocking? Who will get pizza at three in the morning with you now? How long until you adjust to sleeping alone in a room again? Â   Then you start to realize how much things have changed, and you realize the hardest part of college is balancing the two completely different worlds you now live in, trying desperately to hold on to everything all the while trying to figure out what you have to leave behind. In the matter of one day's traveling time, we will leave our world of living next door to our best friends, walking across campus to eat, instant messenger, 8:00am classes, and the perpetual procrastination to a world that will seem foreign to us despite the fact that we lived in it for eighteen years. Â   But it is different now.

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies about Mobile Phone

Foreign According to [ (Miller, 2013) ], a mobile phone is a wireless electronic device used for telephone and multimedia communications. Which means people can bring it and can communicate anywhere at anytime. [ (Singh, 2011) ] said that communication is the process to express his thoughts, ideas, and messages, from one person to other person for the sake of personal interest or business interest. Communication is more effective if you receive the response from other person. You can express his thoughts to another person by verbal communication, non-verbal communication or by mass communication. (McGuigan, 2013) ] Stated that Text messaging is a term for short communications made through cell phones. It uses what is called the Short Message Service, and so is often called SMS for short. It is also sometimes referred to as txting, using the shorthand common in such messages as a way of dealing with short character limits and often bulky interfaces. [ (Ziggs, 2011) ] proposed that age s 13 to 17 ends the highest number of text messaging, sending and receiving an average of 1,742 text messages per month. (Jenna Langer, 2009) ] said that men prefer to use communication to gain social status and use their social networks in a task-oriented manner (2).Face-to-face communication differences between genders and has been shown to cross over into e-mail and computer-mediated communication makes women communicate more thoroughly because of the lack of nonverbal cues. [ (Amanda Lenhart, 2010) ]One major influence has to do with the economics of the cell phone – who pays for the costs associated with the cell phone and its use and what are the limitations on the service plan for the phone?Does the user have unlimited minutes to talk or the ability to share minutes? Does he or she have an unlimited or pay-as-you-go text messaging plan? And regardless of who pays, what type of plan does the teen have? A shared family plan, an individual plan with a contract, or a contr act-less pre-paid phone? Each of these variations can influence how teens and adults use their mobile phones. [ (Amanda Lenhart, 2010) ] About one in five teen cell phone users (18%) are part of a prepaid or pay-as-you-go plan, and just one in ten (10%) have their own individual contract.The type of cell phone plan a teen has is significantly related to household income. Teens from lower income households are more likely to use prepaid plans or to have their own contract, while teen cell phone users in households with incomes of $50,000 or greater are most likely to be part of a family plan. Local [ (Celdran, 2002) ] declared that The characteristics of connectivity, speed, cost effectiveness, mobility and confidentiality of text messaging and its adaptability to Filipino culture has made SMS the most popular form of private communication technology in the country.BibliographyTeens and Mobile Phones. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from Pew Internet: http://pewinternet. org/Reports/2010/T eens-and-Mobile-Phones/Chapter-1/The-economics-of-cell-phones–Plan-Types. aspx Celdran, D. (2002).The Philippines: SMS and Citizenship. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://www. dhf. uu. se/pdffiler/02_01/02_1_part9. pdf: http://www. dhf. uu. se/pdffiler/02_01/02_1_part9. pdf Jenna Langer, V. J. (2009).Gender Differences in Text Message Content. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://www. jennalanger. com: http://www. jennalanger. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/LangerJenna-Gender_dif_SMS_Content. df McGuigan, B. (2013, March 08).What is Text Messaging? Retrieved March 10, 2013, from wiseGEEK: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-text-messaging. htmMiller, B. (2013, March 05). What Is a Mobile Phone? Retrieved March 8, 2013, from wiseGEEK: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-mobile-phone. htmSingh, H. (2011, July 05). Communication plays an important role in our daily life. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from India Study Channel: http://www. indiastudychannel. com/resources/142618-Com munication-plays-an-important-role-our. aspx Ziggs, D. (2011, February 09). Average Monthly Calls Vrs

The Strength and Thickness of Carbon Fiber Cloth

The Strength and Thickness of Carbon Fiber Cloth Carbon fiber is the backbone of lightweight composites. Understanding what carbon fiber cloth is required knowing the manufacturing process and composite industry terminology. Below you will find information on carbon fiber cloth and what the different product codes and styles mean. Carbon Fiber Strength It needs to be understood that all carbon fiber is not equal. When the carbon is manufactured into fibers, special additives and elements are introduced to increase strength properties. The primary strength property that carbon fiber is judged upon, is modulus. Carbon is manufactured into tiny fibers through either the PAN or Pitch process. The carbon is manufactured in bundles of thousands of tiny filaments and wound onto a roll or bobbin. There are three major categories of raw carbon fiber: High Modulus Carbon Fiber (Aerospace Grade)Intermediate Modulus Carbon FiberStandard Modulus Carbon Fiber (Commercial Grade) Although we might come in contact with aerospace grade carbon fiber on an aircraft, such as the new 787 Dreamliner, or see it in a Formula 1 car on TV; the majority of us will likely come in contact with commercial grade carbon fiber more frequently. Common uses of commercial grade carbon fiber include: Sporting goodsCar hoods and aftermarket partsAccessories, like iPhone cases Each manufacturer of raw carbon fibers has their own nomenclature of the grade. For example, Toray Carbon Fiber calls their commercial grade T300, while Hexcels commercial grade is called AS4. Carbon Fiber Thickness As previously mentioned, raw carbon fiber is manufactured in tiny filaments (around 7 microns), these filaments are bundled into rovings which are wound onto spools. The spools of fiber are later used directly in processes like pultrusion or filament winding, or they can be woven into fabrics. These carbon fiber rovings are comprised of thousands of filaments and are almost always a standard amount. These are: 1,000 c (1k carbon fiber)3,000 filaments (3k carbon fiber)6,000 filaments (6k carbon fiber)12,000 filaments (12k carbon fiber) This is why if you hear an industry professional talking about carbon fiber, they might say, I am using a 3k T300 plain weave fabric. Well, now you will know that they are using a carbon fiber fabric that is woven with Toray standard modulus CF fiber, and it is using fiber that has 3,000 filaments per strand. It should go without saying then, that the thickness of a 12k carbon fiber roving will be twice that of a 6k, four times as a 3k, etc. Due to efficiencies in manufacturing, a thicker roving with more filaments, such as a 12k strand, is usually less expensive per pound than a 3k of equal modulus. Carbon Fiber Cloth Spools of carbon fiber are taken to a weaving loom, where the fibers are then woven into fabrics. The two most common types of weaves are plain weave and twill. Plain weave is a balanced checker board pattern, where each strand goes over then under each strand in the opposite direction. Whereas a twill weave looks like a wicker basket. Here, each strand goes over one opposing strand, then under two. Both twill and plain weaves have an equal amount of carbon fiber going each direction, and their strengths will be very similar. The difference is primarily an aesthetic appearance. Every company that weaves carbon fiber fabrics will have their own terminology. For example, a 3k plain weave by Hexcel is called HexForce 282, and is commonly called 282 (two eighty-two) for short. This fabric has 12 strands of 3k carbon fiber per inch, in each direction.

Free Essays on Holy Sonnet

Describe and Compare the Theme of â€Å"Death† as Explained in â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† by John Donne and â€Å"Sonnet 71† by William Shakespeare The two poems provide a complete contrast as regard to â€Å"Death†. Death Be Not Proud† is written by a Christian Minister (John Donne) and is therefore based on a religious theme, inclusive of the idea of an after life. The second poem however is written by William Shakespeare and is a secular poem, and deals with â€Å"Death† as a physical reality, which is unavoidable. Shakespeare writes more negatively and makes â€Å"Death† powerful, whereas â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† gives more hope and is written as if Death is a person, to make â€Å"Death† less powerful and mortal. Through the entire poem, Donne speaks directly to Death. He personifies what to Man, has always been a spirit and has never been touched, seen or furthermore killed. He gives Death life (a person) and therefore makes it mortal, exposing it to pain, torment and eventually defeat. In the first four lines of the poem, John Donne aggressively and directly addresses Death, his tone critical and belittling. He begins by saying, â€Å"Death be not proud†¦ for thou art not soe;† This openly challenges Death’s authority and power. By referring to Death as a person, he makes it easier for the reader to bring Death down to a level of weakness and venerability, making death seem powerless. Humans have always been like slaves to Death, running from it, and trying to prevent it. People have always tried to lead good lives in order to go to Heaven instead of Hell. They try to lead good lives so that GOD lets them stay on this great earth for a while longer. In line 9, â€Å"Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men†. The narrator goes against us being slaves to death and says that Death is a slave to fate, chance and us. Without fate nothing could be determined, therefore, our fate is truthfully w... Free Essays on Holy Sonnet Free Essays on Holy Sonnet Describe and Compare the Theme of â€Å"Death† as Explained in â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† by John Donne and â€Å"Sonnet 71† by William Shakespeare The two poems provide a complete contrast as regard to â€Å"Death†. Death Be Not Proud† is written by a Christian Minister (John Donne) and is therefore based on a religious theme, inclusive of the idea of an after life. The second poem however is written by William Shakespeare and is a secular poem, and deals with â€Å"Death† as a physical reality, which is unavoidable. Shakespeare writes more negatively and makes â€Å"Death† powerful, whereas â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† gives more hope and is written as if Death is a person, to make â€Å"Death† less powerful and mortal. Through the entire poem, Donne speaks directly to Death. He personifies what to Man, has always been a spirit and has never been touched, seen or furthermore killed. He gives Death life (a person) and therefore makes it mortal, exposing it to pain, torment and eventually defeat. In the first four lines of the poem, John Donne aggressively and directly addresses Death, his tone critical and belittling. He begins by saying, â€Å"Death be not proud†¦ for thou art not soe;† This openly challenges Death’s authority and power. By referring to Death as a person, he makes it easier for the reader to bring Death down to a level of weakness and venerability, making death seem powerless. Humans have always been like slaves to Death, running from it, and trying to prevent it. People have always tried to lead good lives in order to go to Heaven instead of Hell. They try to lead good lives so that GOD lets them stay on this great earth for a while longer. In line 9, â€Å"Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men†. The narrator goes against us being slaves to death and says that Death is a slave to fate, chance and us. Without fate nothing could be determined, therefore, our fate is truthfully w...

Fashion Media and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fashion Media and Communication - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Media and Communication" explores the media and communication in fashion. Essentially, for my investigation, I’ve decided to focus on the dazed vision described as the â€Å"in house video arms†. Notably, dazed vision came to being in December 2012. Most notably, the Vise Media; a globally recognized digital media; acquired the British style bible i-D. It is worth noting that this move took the online world by storm and established a new experience in the digital communication through video-driven experiences. Apparently, this innovation was brought about to counter the changes experienced in the young fashion industry. In addition to that, the fashion industry has been crowded with more than enough outdated media used in communicating with the consumers. Notably, the new launches thus demonstrate how the media landscape is radically reshaped each day by the dynamics of the internet. Furthermore, these dynamics have modified the content and how it is being advertised to the targeted consumers.It is important to note that the industry, especially the fashion industry, have to change their ways of staying competitive in the market. On the same point, this competition has therefore brought about innovation in a manner that the most innovative company attracts both the investors and the large base of customers. On the contrary, there are several important factors that can be used to give a detailed definition of the dazed vision, namely. Statistical evidence shows that by the year 2017.

Brain Anatomy and Relations with Skull Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brain Anatomy and Relations with Skull - Article Example Most students should see that there are skulls which satisfy some of the criteria but not others; that is, there are forms intermediate between human' and non human' (Nickels, 1987). If the concept of a graduation of forms is accepted, then the further question what came first, a large brain or an upright stance' will bring out ideas on how and why this evolution occurred as it apparently did. Of course this approach concentrates entirely on fossil morphology. Modern ideas on human evolution are based on a variety of forms of evidence addition to morphology: molecular clocks' such 2 interspecies differences in DNA and haemoglol anthropological observations on apes and primitive hunter-gatherers; tools; preserved footprints; and considerations of climate and likely competitors. These factors should all be mentioned, but from the classroom point of view they do not have the convenience and concrete appeal of the skulls. It is not intended to cover the topic of the human evolutionary pathway comprehensively here. Recent and interesting accounts of the fossil record and prehistory of man can be found in Day (1984), Leakey and Lewin (1977), Lewin (1984), Lambert (1987), Putnam (1988), Stringer (1985), and Weaver (1985). The skull casts used in this exercise need to be reasonably accurate copies of genuine fossils which are as old (with due allowance for experimental error) as claimed. Some casts are partially restored and it is reasonable to accept restorations which are soundly based on drawings, photographs, and casts of related fossil material. Opponents of evolutionary theory may dispute this approach on the grounds that the fossils are forgeries or that the dating methods are in error. The history of Piltdown man' earlier this century lends some plausibility to the claims of forgery, but with recent advances in dating methods a modern Piltdown' would not survive for very long (Weiner, 1955). And if dating methods are so inaccurate that an object only 6000 years old is dated at 600 000 years then the validity of the large areas of chemical, physical, and geological theory and practice that underpin those methods must be called into question. Of course, it must be emphasized that while the eviden ce currently available to us suggests that a special creation some 6000 years ago is improbable, it does not, and cannot, show that it is impossible. Nor does the evidence necessarily contradict the concept that the universe as a whole and the laws that govern it were created a long time ago. There are large gaps in the fossil record and it is sometimes claimed that this shows that there is in fact no link between a recent animal and its postulated ancestor. However, it is hardly surprising that there are such gaps in the record. Consider the sequence of events in the formulation of a fossil. After the animal dies it is almost certain to be torn apart by carnivores and scavengers and its bones might be distributed widely. If the bones are

Selection of a Case study organization (Attempt 1) Assignment

Selection of a Case study organization (Attempt 1) - Assignment Example From the very bottom line costs to the increases in service speed and reliability that deliver greater value to organizations and their customers, innovation actually stands at the epicenter of the strategic approaches adopted towards success in the 21st century. Bolstered by the rapid changes in the market structure that powers competition from almost every corner of the globe, organizational emphasis on external as well as internal collaboration as a gateway in accessing the right mechanisms of expediting the incorporation of new ideas is fundamental in leveling the playing field with larger competitors and the numerous aggressive startups. Amway, a direct-selling, family-run organization headquartered in Ada, Michigan, is a perfect sample organization that has grown from a lean structure to operationalize its services in 100 countries courtesy of the numerous radical shifts of strategy that brings on board â€Å"consumer needs, technology and business value† in their search for competitive advantage over the years since inception. A multi-level marketing company with over five decades in business, Amway has built numerous brands within its core product categories [nutrition, beauty, and home], managing to increase its annual revenues from a modest base to a whopping $11.3 billion in the financial year 2012 (APQC, 2013). At the heart of the company’s growth momentum is an innovation culture summarized as 5x5s; a â€Å"five minutes—five slide† presentation for all to showcase ideas for evaluation and further pursuit. Using an Open Innovation Business Model that majorly sources ideas from the external networks, Amway wields a great deal of freedom in pursuing powerful innovations that only serve to propel its strategic needs. The organization long recognized that it does not command as much resources as its forerunner-competitors in the industry, and thus devoted its

The Cyber Shop and Direct Marketing Essay Example for Free

The Cyber Shop and Direct Marketing Essay With the never-ending possibilities of new inventions and innovations in the field of communication technology, much is expected in the future especially in the ever-increasing complex needs of clients and customers of different social segment from service and product providers (Appelbaum et al, 1998). The complex and demanding needs of the information age man will push creative and intellectual minds to continue their quest of improving the available convenient lifestyle of man. As the Vice President of the company, it would be best to choose the direct marketing strategy of Dell Computer because their model excellently illustrates the CSDM business transaction system as a direct marketing company, without distributors or agents that markets its products through the cyber shop. The Cyber Shop and Direct Marketing (CSDM) is a designed virtual trading system operation for the simultaneous practice of operating business transactions via cyber shop and direct marketing. It operates by combining the actual sales through the Cyber Shop and the logistic system through the Direct Marketing. The company will implement a virtual operating system that is directly employed and utilized by other companies like Dell Inc in the transaction mode of the company (Burnes, 1996). In using this model, customers purchase a product unit through the website by using direct online orders and purchases and enjoy the delivery services offered by the company. CSDM is different from that of the traditional purchase system flow wherein customers could not reach the source company directly. Direct reaction and simplified purchase for consumer, direct sell, direct service, and direct support from vendor; these are just a few of the common terms and concepts linked with cyber shop business transaction and direct marketing strategy in the advances in communication technology.

International business Policy

International business Policy INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS POLICY Question: Porters note that â€Å"firms, not individual nation , compete in international market†. How does this statement help to explain some of the major challenges facing MNEs? How do the determinants of national competitive advantage help explain how companies can maintain their economic competitiveness? Answer: International business is a exchanging goods and services , conducted between individuals and businesses in multiple countries. Historically, international business activity first took the form of exporting and importing. Exporting is the selling of product ,goods or services supplied from ones own country for use in other countries . Importing is the buying of products ,goods or services made in other countries for use in ones own country. Exporting and importing activities are often divided into two groups. first, trade in goods ,that is, tangible product such as clothing, computers , and raw materials. Second, Trade in services, that is ,intangible products such as banking , travel and accounting activities http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/international-business.html International business activity can also take others forms . * Licensing * Franchising * Management contract * International business Licensing is a contractual arrangement In which a firm in one country licenses the use of its intellectual property for e.g. patents, trademark, brand name , copyrights or trade secrets to a firm in a second country in return for a royalty payment Franchising , a specialized form of licensing ,occurs when a firm in one country authorized a firm in a second country to utilize its operating system s as well as its brand name ,trademarks , and logos in return for a royalty payment. For example , McDonalds corporation franchise its fast food restaurant world wide . A Management contract is an arrangement wherein a firm is one country agrees to operate facilities or provide other management services to a firm in another countries for agreed upon fees. For example hotel industries. International business as any organization that engages in a cross-border commercial transaction with individuals ,private firms or public sector organization A firm is a commercial partnership of two or more person , especially, when unincorporated. Also the name or designation under which a company transacts business. Any business , sole proprietorship, partnership or a corporation The term multinational entrepreneurs is used to identify firms that have extensive involvement in international business. An another definition of multinational corporation is a firm that â€Å"engaged in foreign direct investment an owns and controls value-adding activities in more than one country† MNEs generally coordinate their activities from a central headquarters but may also allow their affiliates or subsidiaries in foreign markets considerable latitude in adjusting their operation to local circumstances. Some MNEs , such as accounting partnership and Lloyds of London, are not true corporation, Some writers distinguish between multinational corporations and multinational enterprises . Further , not for profit organization ,such as the IOC and the International red cross , are not true enterprises ,so the term multinational organization can be used when one wants to refer to both for not for profit-seeking organization. Because of the common use of multinational corpora tion in the business press, however , Multinational enterprises facing a major challenges , Some of them are as under: †¢ Economics and Currency conversion †¢ Legal systems or Types of system †¢ Culture †¢ Availability of resources †¢ Market withdrawal Government policy †¢ Political legal environment and Government Power In a domestic business strategy, a single country at a specified level of Economic development in a focus of the firms entrepreneurial efforts. The entire country is almost always organized as a single economic system and has the same currency. Creating a business for a multicounty are means dealing with differences in level of economic development, currency valuation government regulation and banking, venture capital and marketing system. One of the biggest problems entrepreneurs have is raising capital. The amount of private equity capital investment varies greatly by the area of the world, and the amount available is significantly less elsewhere than the united state. In addition, the countries may use different currencies, forcing at least one party to convert its currency for another. So MNEs face currency exchange problem. The legal systems may vary or even be in compatible. In different countries used there own system of business. Like many such barter system or third party ar rangement have been used to increase the amount of business activity of the former U.S.S.R. and Eastern and central European countries, as well as other countries in various stages of development and transition .The cultures may differ and the resources may vary. Culture is encompasses a wide variety of elements ,including a language, social situation, religions ,political philosophy, economic philosophy education, and manners and customs. The availability of resources ,For example, one country may be rich in natural resources, but poor in skilled labor. Also e.g. U K, U S A , AND CANADA are well developed in technologically than developing countries like Africa , India, Pakistan Still, the basic skills and knowledge needed to be successful are generally similar whether one is doing business domestically or internationally. Tax competition countries and sometimes sub national regions must compete against each other for the establishment of MNEs facilitates, and the subsequent Tax revenue- a tax is a financial charge upon an individual or legal entity by a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law, employment ,and economic activity. To compete, countries and regional political districts sometimes offer Incentives is a any financial or non-financial factor that motivate a particular course of work to MNEs such as tax breaks, pledges of government assistance or glowed infrastructure and labor standards enforcement. Foreign direct Investment Foreign direct investment made for the purpose of actively controlling property ,assets or companies located in host countries, such as factories, building, machinery, land and mines, grow up of foreign direct investment can be used as one of improvement of economic globalization. Map below show net inflow of foreign direct investment as a percentage of gros s domestic product. The big flows of foreign direct investment occurs between the industrialized countries like, western Europe and Japan, North America. But flow to non-industrialized countries are grows up sharply. Market withdrawal-government policy- Multinational enterprises having a significant impact on government policy because of its size, basically through the threat of market withdrawal, for example , in order to reduce healthcare costs, some countries have tried to force pharmaceutical companies to license their patented drugs to local competitors for a very low fee, so automatically lowering the price ,when faced with the threats multinational pharmaceutical firm have simply withdrawn from the market. Political-legal environment- the multiplicity of political and legal environments in the international market creates vastly different business problem, opening some market opportunities for entrepreneurs and eliminating others. for example , U S environmental standards have eliminated the possibility of entrepreneur establishing ventures to imports several models of Europeans cars. It also involves the price fluctuations and significant increases in oil and other energy products in the last few years. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation Determinants of nation competitive advantages Michael Porter tried to explain why a nation achieves international success in a particular industry and identified four attributes that promote or impede the creation of competitive advantage: Factor endowments Demand conditions Relating and supporting industries Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry Factor endowments refer to a nations position in factors of production necessary to compete in a given industry. A nations position in factors of production can lead to competitive advantage. These factors can be either basic (natural resources, climate, location) or advanced .(skilled labor, infrastructure, technological know-how) Demand conditions refer to the nature of home demand for the industrys product or service. The nature of home demand for the industrys product or service influences the development of capabilities. Sophisticated and demanding customers pressure firms to be competitive. Relating and supporting industries refer to the presence or absence of supplier industries and related industries that are internationally competitive. The presence supplier industries and related industries that are internationally competitive can spill over and contribute to other industries. Successful industries tend to be grouped in clusters in countries having world class manufacturers of semi-conductor processing equipment can lead to (and be a result of having) a competitive semi-conductor industry Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry refers to the conditions governing how companies are created, organized, and managed, and the nature of domestic rivalry The conditions in the nation governing how companies are created, organized, and managed, and the nature of domestic rivalry impacts firm competitiveness. Different management ideologies affect the development of national competitive advantage Vigorous domestic rivalry creates pressures to innovate, to improve quality, to reduce costs, and to invest in upgrading advanced features Government policy can: affect demand through product standards influence rivalry through regulation and antitrust laws impact the availability of highly educated workers and advanced transportation infrastructure. The four attributes, government policy, and chance work as a reinforcing system, complementing each other and in combination creating the conditions appropriate for competitive advantage

Gang membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context Ess

Smiley is a man who was released back into the society on a parole. He was sent back to live in his neighborhood. Shinichi Suzuki, a famous Japanese violinist who invented Suzuki Method, got the right idea of Smiley’s situation when he said â€Å"Man is a child of his environment†. It means that Smiley is a product of his environment. His neighborhood is a no picnic. The neighborhood is a basically a graveyard of American dreams. Like everyone else in America, Smiley values individualism, achievement, money, and family unity highly. However he is in a hostile society where his rough background is rejected and regarded as a stigma. He does not have education or an escape from his neighborhood where people are under a great strain. The reason for the strain is because American culture sets the bar for gold standards of an ideal lifestyle that in the reality that social structures in some groups cannot follow (Shelden, Brown, Miller, & Fitzler, 2008). According to strain theory, Smiley’s neighbors all want same things but they cannot get them legally so they decide to find illegal loopholes. They go in this state that Robert Merton would call anomie (Shelden, Brown, Miller & Fritzler, 2008). According to him, the state is when â€Å"social structures exert a definite pressure upon certain persons in the society to engage in nonconforming rather than conforming conduct† ( p.78). A gang in Smiley’s neighborhood pressures Smiley into practicing norms that are considered unacceptable legally . Smiley’s gang approves stealing, violence, abuse of drugs, and organized crimes. Smiley had to adapt by conforming to the gang’s values, follow ritualism like wearing certain colors and speaking gang jargon, and view the world as us ( gang) against them.... ..., T. (2009). Gang membership, drug selling, and violence in neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly, 26(4), 645-669. Opsal, T. (2009). Women on parole: Understanding the impact of surveillance. Women & Criminal Justice, 19(4), 306-328. Shelden, R.G., Brown, W.B., Miller, K.S., & Fritzler, R.B. (2008). Crime and criminal justice in american society. Long Grove, Illinosis: Waveland Press, INC. Stickels, J. (2007). The game of probation. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 22(1), 33-43. Wilkinson, D.L. (2007). Local Social Ties and Willingness to Intervene: Textured Views Among Violent Urban Youth of Neighborhood Social Control Dynamics and Situations. Justice Quarterly : JQ, 24(2), 185-220. (Document ID: 1295281001). http://ezproxy.rit.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.rit.edu/pqdweb?did=1295281001&Fmt=7&clientId=3589&RQT=309&VName=PQD