Franks Landing Essay -- Sociology, The Nisqually Culture

Fishing and hunting have been at the core of many American Indian cultures like the Nisqu bothy since precontact. Indian hunting, fishing and gathering were conducted accordinglyas they are nownot for sport, but for food and for a livelihood. This was well understood by the early colonists and later by the U.S. government. Thus, many of the treaties (e.g., practice of medicine Creek, 1854) negotiated surrounded by the federal government and Indian tribes in the nineteenth century contained provisions guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish. In the treaty negotiated by Isaac Stevens, the tribe ceded to the U.S. some of the Nisqually villages and prairies, but article Three reserved the tribes right to fish at all usual and accustomed grounds and stationsin common with all citizens of the Territory. (FL 12) But the growth of the European American population, and with it the proliferation of fenced lands, the destruction of cancel habitat, and often the destruction of wildlife itself, drastically curtailed the Indians ability to carry on these activities. Charles Wilkinsons thesis declares that the messages from postmarks Landing are messages about ourselves, about the natural world, about societies past, about this society, and about societies to come. (FL 6) Billy affectionately described his homeland (the key constituent of peoplehood i.e., the Nisqually watershed on South Puget Sound of the Nisqually River, creeks (Muck Creek), rolling prairie and forestland as well as the foothills of the Cascades Mountains and Mt Rainier) as a magical place where his family never wished for anything fish from the watershed, vegetables up on the prairie, medicines, shellfish, and huckleberriesclean water, clean air. He describes the arrival of L... ...s preferred by them or by the state. In 1974 Judge Boldt govern that a fair share meant Indian fishers are entitled to half (50%) of the harvestable catch of salmon. (FL 50) After a short-term negative backlash, the lo ng-term result has been cooperation between federal, state and tribal governments over fish harvests and resource management since the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Boldt decision in U.S. v. Washington (1980). (FL 50) Billys commitment to his conventional way of life did not end with the stunning Boldt decision. (FL 56)He became chairman of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission in order to speak for the salmon on behalf of treaty tribes in Western Washington. Under his leadership, and through his exceptional skills as a negotiator, the tribes gained a reputation for being unsurpassed in their abilities as natural resource managers.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Childhood Experience :: essays research papers

To Kill A Mockingbird Childhood ExperienceHave you ever theme of an answer to reply to your children, when theyask you, What was the world like when you were a child?, What things thathappened that impressed you most when you were a child? or How interesting isyour childhood experience?. Everybody must stick had their childhood. Some ofthe experiences may cause them to smile, or even laugh, while some of them maybring back bitter memories. It is always hard to express the childhoodincidents or experience in a clear and interesting way, since they were pastmemories that happened long time ago. Moreover, when a person has grown up,they will never have the same feeling which they might have in their childhood.However, the authors Harper Lee and Mark Twain can express their own childhoodinside the stories they created, in a lively and realistic way. The twain novelsTo Kill a Mockingbird and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer have a very similarcharacteristic. It is the way they describe a persons childhood experience,and their feelings and new cognition that come out from those experiences. Thischaracteristic, however, has given me a big revelation after reading the twonovels. The novels show that the childhood experience of a person has a greatpositive influence on his personality, behaviour, and ways on dealing withothers. This idea has been shown by the authors in both novels.From the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, champion could discover that innocentbehaviour and misunderstanding can lead a child to view a person or thingincorrectly and incompletely. This behaviour can also lead a child to a wrongperspective. In the first part of To Kill a Mockingbird, the main characters reconnoitre, Jem, and Dill thought that the Radley family and their member, whoosh Radley,as strange and unnatural human beings. They described Radleys house as Thatis a sad house.... (Harper Lee, 48). This is a fact they heard from their neighbours. Until one day, their neighbour Miss Maudies house was found onfire. While Scout was standing outside in the cold watching the fire, someonefrom behind her and put a blanket around her shoulders. Later, Scout and Jemrealized that there was only one person in town who had not fought to put outthe fire -- Boo Radley. Scout asked, Thank who?(Harper Lee, 76). Jem replied,Boo Radley. You were so busy looking at the fire you didnt know it when he putthe blanket around you.(Harper Lee, 76) It was then that Scout and Jem started

How can acousmatic music communicate its intention to the listener? Ess

Acousmatic music can be challenging to communicate its intention to the attendant. Unlike traditional music their is no score, no system and no pre-segmented distinguishable units like notes (Anderson, 2007 p. 2). Acousmatic music uses what is heard without seeing or knowing the physical origin of the sound as a compositional tool (Contr, WWW). It is a eccentric person of electroacoustic music, which exists in a recorded format, transmitted and perceived, during performances, via the loudspeaker (Anderson, p. 2). Rather than understanding conventional musical forms acousmatic music may rely only on conversation. Communication in the first place focuses on lyric. There are different forms of language when introduced to electroacoustic music. Language can be understood through listening, erudition and identification or understanding (Adkins, 1999 p. 2 Delalande, 1998 pp. 26 - 49 Nudds, 2007 p.7 Seddon, 2005 p. 1). These will be looked at to see if they can help in communicating the intention of acousmatic music to the hearer. Understanding language in advance may help in better understanding listening, perception and identification. Language is the bearer of meaning and is a universal medium of communication (Evans, 1973 p. 42 Stenlund, 1990 p. 14). With in electroacoustic music, language is used as a tool for establishing an aesthetic (Keane, 1986 p. 118). Pierre Schaeffer considers it as being presupposed (Windsor, 1995 1.1.1). Although, both talking about language they talk about different aspects of language in relation with electroacoustic music. Schaeffer talks about the creation of music, Keane talks about the process before making music. Schaeffers theory of language may mask the communication between composer and liste... ...eanes suggestion of explaining and expressing the intention to the listener through speech or literature (communication) seems like the most plausible way of making sure the listener will know the composers intent. This way the listener could put the composers intention together whilst listening, which may make the listening experience more enjoyable. The more informed the listener is about the music the more pleasurable and meaning the listening experience (Burton, Cavalier, Hoffer, Hughes, 1997 p. 1). Although, there are listeners who want to make their own listening experience through their perception regardless of knowing the intention of the piece. The only listeners who enjoyed the pieces were the musically trained listeners. Their theory was listening to acousmatic music may help them in gaining a wider understanding on the subject as it is ambiguous.

The Poetry of A. E. Housman Essay -- essays research papers

The Poetry of A. E. HousmanHousman was born in Burton-On-Trent, England, in 1865, just as the US Civil War was ending. As a young baby, he was disturbed by the news of slaughter from the former British colonies, and was affected deeply. This turned him into a brooding, introverted teenager and a misanthropic, discouraged adult. This outlook on life shows clearly in his poetry. Housman believed that people were generally evil, and that life conspired against mankind. This is evident not only in his poetry, but also in his short stories. For example, his story, The Child of Lancashire, published in 1893 in The London Gazette, is about an child who travels to London, where his parents die, and he becomes a street urchin. There are veiled implications that the child is a homosexual (as was Housman, most probably), and he becomes mixed up with a gang of similar youths, attacking affluent pedestrians and stealing their watches and gold coins. Eventually he leaves the gang and becomes wea lthy, but is attacked by the same gang (who dont recognize him) and is thrown off London Bridge into the Thames, which is unfortunately frozen over, and is killed on the hard frappe below. Housmans poetry is similarly pessimistic. In fully half the poems the speaker is dead. In others, he is about to die or wants to die, or his girlfriend is dead. Death is a really important stage of life to Housman without death, Housman would probably not have been able to be a poet. (Housman, himself, died ...

what i do when i write Essay -- Expository Process Essays

what i do when i write What I do when I write depends entirely on what Im writing, who Im writing for, and how shortly it needs to be done. I have somewhat of a different approach to writing when the piece is for an assignment versus a work of original fiction. I prepare, pre-write, and proofread differently. However, some things remain the same. I still try to get the same amount of feedback from my peers, still put forth the same effort. Whether the work is for amusement or for a grade, I still follow relatively the same process. Oftentimes, I write outside of school. Frequently, those writings are in the form of poetry, fiction, or an online journal. My poems are expressions of emotions or personal thoughts that I usually have no other outlet for. I write both original fiction and lover fiction, a genre in which stories are written using existing characters from television, movies, or books. My journal is a means of communication with family and friends that I do nt see actually often. Here, I often recount funny stories from the day, conve...

what i do when i write Essay -- Expository Process Essays

what i do when i write What I do when I write depends entirely on what Im writing, who Im writing for, and how soon it needs to be done. I have somewhat of a different approach to writing when the piece is for an assignment versus a range of authorized fiction. I prepare, pre-write, and proofread differently. However, some things remain the comparable. I still try to get the same amount of feedback from my peers, still put forth the same effort. Whether the work is for pleasure or for a grade, I still follow relatively the same process. Oftentimes, I write outside of school. Frequently, those writings are in the form of poetry, fiction, or an online journal. My poems are expressions of emotions or personal thoughts that I usually have no other outlet for. I write both original fiction and fan fiction, a genre in which stories are written using existing characters from television, movies, or books. My journal is a means of communication with family and friends that I dont see very often. Here, I often recount funny stories from the day, conve...

Cell Organelles

Nucleus The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the ring cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. The DNA is similar in both cell of the body, but depending on the specific cell type, some genes may be turned on or off thats why a colored cell is different from a pass cell, and a muscle cell is different from a fat cell.When a cell is dividing, the nuclear chromatin (DNA and surrounding protein) condenses into chromosomes that be easily seen by microscopy. Nucleolus The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rude endoplasmic reticulum where they argon critical in protein synthesis. Cytosol The cytosol is the soup within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabol ism occurs.Though mostly water, the cytosol is fully of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors. Cytoplasm This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol. Centrosome The centrosome, or MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC), is an area in the cell where microtubules are produced. Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules, but the dress cell centrosome is simpler and does not fork out centrioles.During animal cell division, the centrioles replicate (make new copies) and the centrosome divides. The result is two centrosomes, each with its own couplet of centrioles. The two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and from each centrosome, microtubules grow into a spindle which is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Centriole(animal cells only) Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of amalgamated microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group.Microtubules (and centrioles) are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged much(prenominal) that one is perpendicular to the other. Golgi The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for direct elsewhere in the cell. The stack of larger vesicles is surrounded by numerous smaller vesicles containing those packaged macromolecules.The enzymatic or hormonal contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes and secretory vesicles are packaged in membrane-bound vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi apparatus. Lysosome Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells. Hydrolytic enzymes of plant cell s are more often found in the vacuole. Peroxisome Peroxisomes are membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to excoriation and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration.In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide. As an example, white blood cells produce hydrogen peroxide to fling off bacteria. The oxidative enzymes in peroxisomes break down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Secretory Vesicle Cell secretions e. g. ductless glands, neurotransmitters are packaged in secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. The secretory vesicles are then transported to the cell surface for release. Cell Membrane Every cell is enclosed in a membrane, a double level of phospholipids (lipid bilayer).The exposed heads of the bilayer are hydrophilic (water loving), meaning that they are compatible with water both within the cytosol and outside of the cell. However, the hidden tails of the phosopholipids are hydrophobic (water fearing), so the cell membrane acts as a protective barrier to the uncontrolled flow of water. Mitochondria Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract in short, they are the power centers of the cell. They are about the size of bacteria but may have different shapes depending on the cell type.Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles, and like the nucleus have a double membrane. The outer membrane is fairly limpid. But the inner membrane is highly convoluted, forming folds (cristae) as seen in the cross-section, above. The cristae greatly increase the inner membranes surface area. It is on these cristae that food (sugar) is combined with oxygen to produce ATP the primary energy source for the cell. Vacuole A vacuole is a membrane-bound dismission that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products.In animal c ells, vacuoles are generally small. Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells and play several(prenominal) roles storing nutrients and waste products, helping increase cell size during growth, and even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells. The plant cell vacuole also regulates turgor pressure in the cell. Water collects in cell vacuoles, pressing outward against the cell wall and producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, turgor pressure drops and the plant wilts.Cell Wall(plant cells only) Plant cells have a rigid, protective cell wall made up of polysaccharides. In higher plant cells, that polysaccharide is usually cellulose. The cell wall provides and carrys the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell vacuole and pushes out against the cell wall. This turgor pressure is responsible for the crispness of fresh vegetables. Chloroplast(plant cells only) Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells.These organelles contain the plant cells chlorophyll responsible for the plants green color. Chloroplasts have a double outer membrane. Within the stroma are other membrane structures the thylakoids. Thylakoids appear in stacks called grana (singular = granum). Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Throughout the eukaryotic cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products, is a vast network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER for short.The ER is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane and its varied functions suggest the complexity of the eukaryotic cell. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is so named because it appears smooth by negatron microscopy. Smooth ER plays different functions depending on the specific cell type including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction. Rough Endopla smic Reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears pebbled by electron microscopy due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its surface.Proteins synthesized on these ribosomes collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell. Ribosomes Ribosomes are packets of RNA and protein that play a polar role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are the site of protein synthesis. Each ribosome comprises two parts, a large subunit and a small subunit. messenger RNA from the cell nucleus is moved systematically along the ribosome where transfer RNA adds individual amino acid molecules to the lengthening protein chain.Cytoskeleton As its name implies, the cytoskeleton helps to maintain cell shape. But the primary importance of the cytoskeleton is in cell motility. The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is an organized network of three prim ary protein filaments microtubules actin filaments (microfilaments) intermediate fibers

Environmental Protection and Sustainability

IntroductionIn the past 25 years, international passenger strain has undergo a threefold increase. It is expect that the breeze sector will continue to see similar growth over the next 25 years (Walker & Cook, 2009). Due to the rapid expansion of the aviation sector, there has been a growing concern for environmental issues in air duct operations, particularly in terms of energy and environmental sustainability (Agarwal, 2010). The focus on sustainability and environmental protection is due to the environmental consequences of contemporary aviation, especially the contribution of aviation to global climate change (Upham, 2003). With the recognition of the harmful effects of aviation on the environment, experts predict that environmental factors will increasingly limit the expansion of air exit and the social welfare that it brings (Green, 2003, p.281). Meridiana concurs that it is important to consider sustainability and environmental protection in aviation. It recognises the importance of green aviation and puts a lot of value on protecting the environment. In line with this, the party manages its activities in compliance with national and EU environmental regulations. As proof of its commitment, it has been awarded certification of its Quality System in compliance with UNI EN ISO 90012008 regulation for air quality. SGS Italia SpA has certified the compliance of the companys activities involving the design and supply of services on board of domestic, international, and intercontinental flights (Meridiana, 2009). Recently, Meridiana joined the Association of European airline businesss (AEA), which represents Europes major airlines. The AEA influences its members at the intentness and institutional level in order to achieve goals that benefit the airline industry. One of the main thrusts of the AEA is to shape a more sustainable and competitive field of operation (AEA, 2013). Meridianas membership in the AEA shows that it is committed towards achievi ng sustainability in the aviation sector.Marketing MixDespite its success in some areas of the domestic market, the company has experienced heavy losses in recent years. With its ageing fleet, subscale international network, and its dependence in the domestic market, the company is facing very stiff competition from some of Europes leading measly cost carriers (CAPA, 2013). Taking these into consideration, Meridiana has to improve its current marketing go in order to increase sales and bear on competitive. Effective marketing strategies screwing have a significant influence on society thus, it is important for the company to apply the appropriate marketing mix to achieve their objectives.ProductMeridianas major strength is its competitively priced dividing line class pose for long catch destinations, targeted at leisure travellers. As a ordinary service carrier, it offers elements of both full service and pocket-size cost carrier. For example, it provides food and drinks l ike full service carriers but its price range is comparable to low cost airlines. Meridiana should utilise this mix and use it as a competitive advantage. The airline needs to focus on its domestic flights and its short/medium haul destinations in Europe. The current marketing strategy fails to reach out to the business community. Their marketing strategy should emphasise services for both holiday/leisure and business purposes. The company should target SMEs and become the airline of choice for small and medium-sized companies. This can be done by fling discounts and incentives for companies who want to purchase multiple seats or flights.PriceMeridiana needs to use a competitive pricing scheme to run customers. Its price point should be not too high from low cost carriers, but lower than traditional networked airlines. Although low cost carriers have lower prices, Meridiana should diametricaliate its slightly higher price point by offering better customer service. The aim is to ha ve a mid-range price point, which can attract middle class consumers and SMEs.PlaceMeridiana has been highly successful in Sardinia and Sicily. The company should copy its success by building stronger presence in other parts of Italy and in key international airline hubs such(prenominal) as London, Dubai, Beijing, Singapore, Narita, Paris, and New York. This can be achieved by improving airport check in services and making their internet reservations website more attractive and easy to use.PromotionAs a hybrid airline, Meridiana operates both as a low cost carrier and a network airline (Sansonetti, 2010). It needs to be highly competitive by keeping it unit cost down. This can be achieved by enhancing its internet and social media channels. Meridiana should upgrade its website to make it more attractive and user-friendly. It should improve its tie-ups with hotels, resorts, car rentals, and other tourist services to attract more customers.PeopleMeridiana should improve its services to customers in order to attract more consumers and gain more customer loyalty. Excellent customer service can be a competitive edge, especially when low cost carriers offer cheaper rates. Meridiana should also highlight their people and the value of customer service in their marketing strategies.ProcessMeridiana should regard that its online reservations are always efficient and that customers can easily access the airline through phone or email. The airlines systems should be designed for the benefit of customers. Physical Evidence Meridiana should also ensure that its flights are always on time its planes are spotless and its service crew are highly efficient. Its check-in and guest lounges in airports should be clean and the services of both ground crew and in-flight staff should be excellent.Promotional MixMeridiana should focus on tapping customers from the mid-market socio-economic segment and business people, especially from SMEs. The elements of the promotional mix must in tegrate different strategies. It should use a combination of various promotional strategies, particularly, advertising, public relations, sales promotions, and internet/online promotions. The integration of different promotional tactics will aid in achieving a more successful result. Advertising should be enhanced in traditional channels such as television, print, and radio in order to target domestic consumers in areas where Meridiana is not the market leader (i.e. Milan, Turin, Naples, Marconi, Rome, and Verona). To increase presence in international markets, the airline should advertise in popular travel magazines and international cable channels (i.e. BBC, CNN, NHK, etc.). In terms of public relations, the airline should improve its relationship with Italian businesses and local anesthetic government. It should also improve its public image by doing CSR activities and being more active in environmental protection. The company should emphasise their support for green aviation and sustainability in the airline industry. Meridiana should also launch sales promotions on its shred prices. It should conduct seat sales in which the flight fare is a section of its original price but customers can avail of the ticket only for a limited period. For example, the seat sale gives an 80% discount on ticket prices for 50 seats in the plane and the sale will be ongoing for 3-5 days only. Meridiana should also prioritise internet/online promotions and strengthen its social media presence. The airline should improve its advertisement and tie-ups with online travel sites such as Expedia, Kayak, and Orbitz. It should also effectively make use of social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Meridiana should advertise in these sites and promote customer feedback through social media. The company can also utilise viral advertising by putting very creative and highly memorable adverts in YouTube or other video sharing sites.ReferencesAgarwal, R. (2010). Sustainable (Green) Aviation Challenges and Opportunities. SAE International Journal of Aerospace. 2(1), p.1-20. Anna Aero. (2013). Meridiana fly and Air Italy complete merger, as Meridiana turns 50 under new CEO combined fleet shrinks for S13. Available http//www.anna.aero/2013/06/19/meridiana-fly-and-air-italy-complete-merger-as-meridiana-turns-50-under-new-ceo/. Last accessed 12th January 2014. Association of European Airlines (AEA). 2013). AEA welcomes Meridiana as new airline member. Available http//files.aea.be/ news show/PR/Pr13-036.pdf. Last accessed 15th January 2014. CAPA Centre for Aviation. (2013). Meridiana how to escape the impact of loss-making Italian airlinesAvailable http//centreforaviation.com/analysis/meridiana-how-to-escape-the-impact-of-loss-making-italian-airlines-120241. Last accessed 12th January 2014. Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM). (2013). Marketing and the 7Ps A brief summary of marketing and how it works. Available http//www.cim.co.uk/files/7ps.pdf. Last accessed 1 2th January 2014. Cooper. C et al. (2013). Tourism Principles & Practice 5th edition. London FT Prentiss Hall Denton, N & Dennis, N. (2000). Airline franchising in Europe benefits and disbenefits to airlines and consumers. Journal of Air Transport Management. 6(4), p.179-190. Green, JE. (2003). Civil aviation and the environmental challenge. The Aeronautical Journal. p.281-299 McCabe, S. (2009). Marketing Communications in Tourism and Hospitality Concepts, Strategies and Cases. capital of The Netherlands Butterworth Heinemann Meridiana. (2009). Meridiana Group Ethical Code. Available https//www.meridiana.it/cms/deploy/1/IGGJ_Documenti/IT/Codiceetico/MeridianaGroupEthicalCode.pdf. Last accessed 12th January 2014. Meridiana. (2014). About us. Available https//www.meridiana.it/en/company_informations/Company_AirItaly_quality.aspx. Last accessed 12th January 2014. Middleton, V. (2009). Marketing in travel and tourism. Oxford Butterworth Heinemann Sansonetti, A. (2010). The European Airl ines Transformation Hypercompetitive and Long Tail Effects. MCIS Proceedings. Paper 76. http//aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2010/76 Upham, P. (2003). Towards Sustainable Aviation. London Earthscan Publications Ltd Walker, S & Cook, M. (2009). The contested concept of sustainable aviation. Sustainable Development. 17(6), p.378-390

Differences Between Count Dracula and Vlad Tepes

genus Dracula is a book written by Bram Stoker that was inspired by Vlad Tepes, which causes some confusion about where fact ends and fiction begins. The twain undoubtedly share some similarities. For example, they are twain in positions of nobility. Before becoming a vampire Dracula was a prince and Vlad was a voivode. They are both also from Transylvania, although Dracula does not take place entirely in Transylvania. Although there are elements of Tepes in the character of Dracula, a great deal of it was embellished for striking effect. Dracula and Vlad may have had a few similarities, but they are also really different.In Stokers novel Dracula is interpret as blood thirsty. Although Vlad was also blood thirsty, he and Dracula had very different ways of satisfying their thirst. Vlad was just a monarch with a very sadistic streak. He used this power to murder people who had personally offended him. Vlad killed in many ways but his favorite way to kill his victims was to impale them on a wooden stake, which is a very slow and agonizing way to die. Victims sometimes endured this for hours or days. Throughout his reign, Vlad systematically eradicated the old boyar shed light on of Wallachia. Dracula killed and then fed on the blood of his victims.Vlad and Draculas motives for killing so many were different. After the death of his wife, Dracula sold his head to the devil. This transaction turn Dracula into a vampire that survives by sucking the blood from his victims and transforming them into vampires. Vlads motivation in killing so many was to take in revenge for the death of his father and brother. Perhaps this difference causes the vastly lights that they are seen in. Dracula is a villian, but many Romanians view Vlad as a hero. His report in his native country is one of a man who stood up to both foreign and domestic enemies. In Romania he is considered one of their greatest leaders.Dracula had a bevy of superpowers to aid him in his dastardly deeds . Dracula had the power to shape shift. In the novel he shifts into things such as a thresh and a wolf. He also possesses superhuman powers like being able to crawl on vertical surfaces and manipulating the weather. The most important characteristic of Dracula is that he is undead. The only way to kill Dracula is to decapitate him and impale him with a wooden stake through the heart. Vlad on the other hand, had no superpowers and was for the most objet dart a normal person.Vlad and Dracula are both remembered for the same reason their atrocious murders. They were both prolific killers. Despite their many differences, they will probably forever and a day be associated.

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Movie Review Essay

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John Boyle is a fictional novel of the unlikeiest of friendships, the son of a Nazi commandant and a Jew suffering in the largest concentration camp. I believe innocence that is created by a sheltered and caring family is an important theme of the novel. Bruno was unaware that his father was a Nazi commander or that he is living right next doorstep to Auschwitz concentration camp. His parents were trying to protect him from hearing the truth or understanding the reality of what was happening outside his window.Brunos innocence and vulnerability caused him to misunderstand the mail service around him. He hears Auschwitz as Out-with and also incorrectly hears the Fuhrer as the Fury. Athough he was best friends with Shmuel, he was completely oblivious to the situation Shmuel was in. No ones ever given me an arm band, said Bruno. But I never asked to wear one, said Shmuel. All the same, said Bruno, I think Id quite like one. I dont know which one Id prefer though, your one or Fathers. This shows that the innocence of a protected childhood results in a misunderstood reality.When looking back at my childhood, I can see how my parents protected me from some harsh realities that former(a) children face. I had no idea what a broken family was since I had a stable and caring family. I would hear stories on the news of child guy and violence but never really understood how that would feel. It was not until I was older and I realised issues like this are actually out at that place and it is the enviroment many children grow up in. I believe another important theme in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, is bullying. Throughout the novel the Nazis exhibit their hatred for the Jews.The Nazis believed they were much more important than the Jews and they deserved to die. Lieutenant Kurt Kotler was one example of a bully in the novel. He abused and hated the familys Jewish servant, Pavel. Pavel held his cap before him in his men and nodded, which made his head bow even lower than it already was. Yes, sir, he said in a quiet voice, so quiet that he may not even have said it at all. And afterwards, when you return to the kitchen, make sure you wash your hands before touching any of the food, you filthy- Lieutenant Kotler repeated the word he had used twice already and he spat a little as he spoke.This was how he spoke to Pavel. Lieutenant Kurts rank put him in a position of power over the Jews. I see a similarity of this in high school. some(prenominal) older students believe they are much more important than the younger students just because they have been there longer. Some act like they are better than everyone else. Younger people then go through the younger high school years feeling horrendous and miserable about themselves.

America’s Commercial Airline Industry

1989 has been a year in which both aviation experts and spokesmen. For the piloting public have got expressed intensified concern every all over what they perceive to be a substantial deterioration in the safety of Americas passenger airline operations. In the first nine months of 1989 alone, there have been ten fatal air crashes involving large transport-category trims owned by U. S. based carriers (Ott p. 28). This compares disfavorably to the first nine of months of 1988, when but two such accidents took place, and in fact, it is the highest lean of death-causing accidents for the Ameri cease commercial aviation industry during the 1980s (Fotos p. ).This spate of airborne tragedies has prompted interested parties to ask a series of disturbing questions. Is it now safe to fly on American owned airlines, and, related to this, is it now riskier to board these planes than it was before industry deregulation took place in 1978? What, if any, specific factors have contributed to the perceived ancestry in the industrys safety standards? Finally, what, if anything, can be done to enhance the airworthiness of U. S. passenger planes and to improve the safety performance of the crews who man them?In this paper, all three of these questions will be addressed, and, without advancing too far ahead, we discover that there simply are no definitive answers to any of them. As grievous accidents among Americas air carriers have mounted in 1989, a conventional wisdom has supplied a plausible account of the historical roots of the be safety problem. In 1978, the Federal government de-regulated the U. S. airline industry. Faced with an increasingly competitive environment, individual carriers tried to hold down fares by making cost-related cuts in policies and procedures related to safety.Many have argued that, accessiond competition may lead airlines to skimp on investments in safety,(Bornstein and Zimmerman p. 913) by, for example, allowing aging planes to take to t he skies following routine inspections quite than replacing them with new craft. But there is an overarching problem with this explanation 1989s accidents apart, empirical data suggest that it is currently safer to fly on a plane ope layd by a major U. S. air carrier than it was ten years agoIn 1978, the odds of a large airliners becoming touch on in fatal crash were one for every trillion aircraft departures ten years later, that proportion has dropped to around one in every 2. 25 million departures (McConnel p. 207). On the whole, it is, in fact, comparatively safe to fly, and even with 1989 crash incidents added to the aggregated figures, fleeting is no to a greater extent dangerous today than it was prior to deregulation. The Federal melodic line Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board and an array of independent air safety experts have all probed this years major airline accidents. despite all of post hoc study, they have been unable to discern a common l ink among them, (Ott p. 28) with one major exception. The qualification at hand refers to dramatic increase in the volume of air traffic since de-regulation. According to NTSB member John Lauber, if there is a trend in accidents, it is a trend set by the increasing volume of air transport operations rather than any fundamental deterioration in the margins of safety (Ott p. 28).At first glance, this argument is substantial more flights in the air simply result in more accidents commensurate with higher traffic volumes, so that the impact of de-regulation has had only the broadest and most substantiating influences upon the industrys safety record. But to ascribe the recent rash of safety problems to the neutral effect of higher traffic volume in the turn on of de-regulation and leave it at that overlooks several critical points.For example, to remain competitive, many airlines schedule flights in clusters for the convenience of their passengers. This, in turn, as Rudolf Kapustin (an independent industry- watcher) states, tends to increase risks among flight occurring at peak times (Ott p. 28). Far more worrisome, when accidents for smaller, commuter or regional airlines are factored in, we find that 16 percent of all airlines had safety records considerably worse than the norm, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all airborne accidents between 1977 and 1984 (Ott p. 30).These figures strongly indicate that policies and practices by the airlines themselves may have acted as variables that have had a role in recent accidents. There are two major factors that appear to have had a part in this years major carrier crashes, both of which can be related to cost cutting challenges upon the airlines unleashed by de-regulation. The first of these concerns the planes themselves. There is evidence to suggest that some U. S. airlines are run a higher percentage of high time or geriatric aircraft than was previously the case.About 2,300 of the 8,000 odd commercial jet s flown by major airline crews have passed twenty years of continuous avail. Plainly, aging fleets have some immediate linkage to two recent air fatalities. In April, 1988 Aloha Airlines 737 undergo a structural collapse a huge section of the upper fuselage peeled off one flight attendant was killed and sixty-one passengers were injured. The aircraft in question, investigators found, had logged some 90,000 take-off/ arrive duty cycle, the second highest come in recorded by any jetliner operating in the free world.Eight months later, with the Aloha case still under study, a United Airlines 747 bound for Honolulu literally disintegrated in the air over the Pacific Ocean, resulting in nine deaths. This craft was a nonher stage manager plane, one that had a maintenance record suggesting increasing safety problems. Clearly, there is an economic motive behind airline operation of geriatric planes. A Boeing 737, for example, cost around $25 million at present, so that, it is in the e conomic interest of an airline to prolong the life of its current fleet if it can do so at reasonable cost and without compromising safety.In the opinion of some critics, given the competitive pressures of a de-regulated market environment, some airlines are paying too frequently attention to this economic imperative, and, conversely, too little care to the maintenance of adequate safety standards. Most jet transport accidents are not the result of equipment bankruptcy a full two-thirds can be attributed to human error. At present, all U. S. air carriers, major airlines and regionals alike, are facing a reduced pool of satisfactory pilots and flight personnel to staff their crews.De-regulation has meant a higher level of demand for a finite number of fitting crew members, and, at the same time, the number of potential crew members leaving the nations armed forces (the traditional mainstay of new hires for the airlines) has dropped sharply in recent years. As has been noted in a r ecent issue of Aviation Week & Space Technology the major airlines are reported to be drastically reducing the amount of flying time they require from applicants, and while there is no shortage of applicants (there is) a shortage of highly qualified ones (Pilot Turnover p. 91).Inexperienced pilots tend to make more mistakes than their veteran counterparts, so that the labor demand growth that has taken place with deregulation coupled with a reduced number of former armed forces pilots forthcoming may well be a factor undermining airline safety. Having stated that it is, in general, safe to board U. S. operated planes, yet another qualification must be made at this juncture. Smaller carriers, flying short routes and known as commuter airlines have much worse safety records than the major airlines. According to McConnell In the past decade, commuter airlines have had 81 fatal accidents,Killing 384 people. In 1987 alone 35 accidents caused 58 deaths. And in the first two months of 1 988, crashes killed 22. The Commuters fatal accidents rate per 100,000 departures has averaged Seven times that of the major airlines (McConnel p. 206). These smaller carriers, like their major airlines counternumbers, are subject to FAA monitoring and regulation, and the results of FAA inquiries into the safety of the commuter lines has led the Agency to suspend or revoke commuter airline operating certificates on 58 occasions since 1981 for safety violations.The heart of the problem with the commuter airlines resides in the shrinking pool of qualified pilots available to them (Ott p. 28). Generally offering lower pay than the majors, the commuter lines have experienced a drain of talent as many of their most experienced pilots have left to take positions with the majors. In 1985, major U. S. carriers hired some 7,600n new pilots the majority of them previously worked for commuter airlines (McConnel p. 209).At the same time, willingness of the majors to acknowledge less(prenominal ) qualified pilots from sources apart from the regionals has decreased the quality of regional hires yet another notch (Pilot Turnover p. 91). The trend toward less experienced crews in this divide of the industry is undeniable. The pilots hired by U. S. regionals who had less than 2,000 hr. flight time rose 22. 3% of those hired in 1985 to 36. 2% in the first six months of 1989 (Ott p. 29). In addition to a declining level of experience in the cockpits of commuter aircraft, these pilots type demands that often exceed those placed upon pilots working for the majors.On some small carriers, pilots face several trips a day between under-equipped airfields, and in addition must plan routes, study weather, handle baggage and even fuel the plane. Fatigue can become a factor (McConnel p. 207). To fill spots, regionals have tried to lure flight instructors from flying schools into their ranks (Pilots Turnover p. 91). Unfortunately, by engaging in this practice, the regionals reduce the substance of the nations flight schools to enlarge the pool of personnel available to all carriers.If a shortage of qualified crew members is identified as a factor that has some causal relation to a perceived decline in American air carrier safety, this effect is most acute at the level of the commuter/regional firms. The evidence regarding the effect of de-regulation upon safety for American airlines is mixed, inconclusive, but nevertheless broad enough. Common sense tells us that older planes and less experienced crews will have a negative impact upon safety, and, in the case of commuter lines, the latter has probably contributed to a performance record importantly below that of the major carriers.Given that a case can be made that identifiable variables are now eroding flight safety, the question course becomes What can be done to remedy or, at least, ameliorate this situation? The FAA formed an Airworthiness Assurance Task Force shortly after the Aloha incident, and, in Februar y, 1989, this body issued its recommendations. These proposals generally dealt with the tandem problems of aging fleets and inexperienced crews. Regarding the former, The Task Force noted that in several recent accidents, parts that had either been inspected and passed review or parts that were thought to have an infinite working life, broke down.The Airworthiness Assurance Task Force recommended to the FAA an $800 million program to upgrade older aircraft. The key furnish would mandate the replacement of various parts and assemblies at specified time intervals, even if inspection detected no flaws. In other words, the industry would represent to a plan of preventive replacement, rather than preventive maintenance. The plan would require repairs in about one of every five jetliners currently in service (Hoffer p115).The FAA itself has followed up on this recommendation this year the agency mandated replacement of rivets on older 727s, and in the near future, the order will be exte nded to veteran 737s and 747s as well. The cost of all this promises to be high, amounting to an average of around $600,000 per plane. Still, conducted on a phased basis, it does not spell financial ruin for the majors, and given FAA powers, they have no choice but to comply. The FAA has also made recommendations regarding improvement of crew performance.It has, for example, suggested that airlines should avoid pairing two pilots who may be qualified but inexperienced, either as pilot or in the particular aircraft type they would be flying (Ott p. 29). The Agency has also urged that only experienced pilots be given control over aircraft during times of severe weather conditions. Both of these proposals have been accepted by the industry. Far more controversial, the FAA has also endorsed the idea of setting autonomous safety departments in spite of appearance each airline that would have absolute power to ground flights or personnel on the basis of safety.These departments would ac tively monitor pilot performance with retrospective examination of data contained in tapes on flight recorders (Fotos p. 31). Although the airlines see such a move as having safety-enhancing outcomes, the notion that control over schedule flights will be ceded by line management to a safety procedures, has met with some resistance. At bottom, implementing the FAAs suggestions will carry a step damage tag in both financial and management labor terms, and taken together, may contribute to a second round of shakeouts, as weaker carriers will not be able to bear these costs and continue to be competitive.

Guided Reading Essay

Abstract This root volition describe the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the learning classroom. It will also describe how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title equalise between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the manoeuvre is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper will describe the instructional level of a pupil previously interview in Module 1. channelize Reading How to use leveling tools yourself Guided reading is an instructional approach that instructor uses when students are reading at the same level of instruction.The teacher selects books from certain reading levels to guide students to make connections from glow guy to the text. The books are easily read with the reinforcer of the teacher. Challenges and opportunities for problem solving are offered in the text. Choice selection of the books from the teacher will expand their strategies. The purpose of direct reading is for the teacher to select books that students go off read with 90% accuracy. When the story is introduced to the student by the teacher, the students, through their own strategies understand and enjoy the story because it is for sale to them.Pinnell, (2007) states that guide reading gives students the chance to apply the strategies they already know to new text. The teacher supplies support, entirely the ultimate goal is free-lance reading. Readers that catch developed somewhat since of print have already gained important understanding of it. If they have encountered a problem in reading they will monitor their own reading and rafter on themselves dapple searching for possibilities or alternatives How to locate list of leveled books. In order for the teacher to locate leveled books for their students, the teacher should select the students with similar reading habits and behaviors.These students should bonk reading habits and behaviors in the same time frame. The guide lines of the choice of books should be non too easy, yet not too hard, and offers a variety of repugns to armed service readers become flexible problem solvers (Pinnell, 2007). When choosing a guided reading course of instruction or leveled books, the teacher should look for books that are similar to their knowledge, are interesting to them, support them to move to the next step in reading, and give just the right amount of challenge to plug that problem solving is taking place while supporting fluency and understanding.Leveled book collection is a large set of books organized in levels of difficulty from easy books that an emergent reader might read, to the longer, interlocking books that advanced readers will select. The leveled books collections may be housed in an area where it is easily accessible. A key component in a guided reading program is the leveled books. The scholastic Guided Reading Program is a varied collection of books that are categorized by the kind and level of challenge they offer children as they are learning to read.The Guided Reading Program consists of 260 books organized into 26 levels of difficulty Levels A-Z. Many different characteristics of the texts are considered in determining the level of challenge and support a particular book or short story presents (Pinnell, 2007) Some leveled books may consist of the teachers working collaborately together to construct leveled books from large collections of books. When teachers have been teaching a long time, they began to acquire the knowledge necessary to know what is easy and what is difficult for their students.When using the books frequently, the teachers will notice that categories of their collections will become more than established (Scholastic. com) How the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled. There are factors and criterias for leveling books. There is no distinct characteristic that can be used to evaluate text or reading materials . Some of the factors that are considered when evaluating text are length, layout, structure and organization, illustrations, words, phrases and sentences, literacy features, and content and theme (Scholastics. com).When compared the book that was leveled with the books in Scholastics, it was very close. The formation was based on the factors and criterias for leveling books. Guided reading classroom, how it functions, its advantages, and its disadvantages. The guided reading classrooms should have an independent reading practice location. This independent practice space should welcome students to a rich environment for reading. Teachers with a good sense of what a rich reading environment consist of will include in the reading practice location pillows or a couch for a feeling of an invitation to read.Students need to feel very comfortable when reading. The program library in a guided classroom needs to be complete with rich and exciting literature. Some of the literature that sh ould be included in the library is fiction, nonfiction, fantasy, magazines, current events, and sports and whatever you feel as a teacher that the students will be interested in. Technology is a major component of a guided reading classroom. It services as an independent and small group practice while the teacher is working with students in a small guided reading group.The guided reading groups should consist of four to six students at a time. The sessions for guided reading groups vary depending upon what level of readers you are dealing with. It is often 10-15 legal proceeding for emergent readers, and 15-30 minutes for more advanced readers. Also in a guided reading classroom there should be cross curriculum centers for writing, art, and scientific discipline which can be done at their desk with very little instruction. This would take very explicit planning on the teacher part. This will allow for the teacher to continue guided reading groups.A teacher-led small-group assessme nt area should be located in a place where the teacher has total vision of her classroom, but yet in an area where the students that are in the guided reading area can be together so that the skill can be implemented as one. Finally, there should be a designated area where the teacher can teach in a whole group setting. The advantages of a guided reading classroom when the teachers are working with a particular group, is that they can control what is going on in the classroom and ensure that the students are actively engaged at all times.By setting guided reading classrooms up this way, the teacher can take an informal assessment of behaviors whether or not the students are working in centers, at their desk or with the teacher in a guided reading group. The teacher should be taking running records, jot anecdotal notes, or even conducting oral interviews if time permits. The disadvantages of this guided reading classroom is that it will take a lot of planning time to ensure that the centers all have meaningful activities that will help them read or increase their ability to interact with each other.Most of the time teachers do not have centers that are effective because of the necessary time needed for preparation to ensure an effective guided reading classroom. These guided reading groups should constantly permute from week to week to ensure that all students are actively engaged in a differentiated atmosphere. Student from Module 1 This student could fall between emergent literacy and beginning reader because in module 1 the student started finger pointing and looking at the picture to determine the words. Also the student had trouble with the recognition of sight words.The student experienced difficulty with decode unfamiliar words. This was a 3rd grade student that seemed very happy at home. The student does understand the concepts of print and words. Even thought she had trouble with decoding unfamiliar words, she seems to have phonological awareness. K nowledge of alphabets was noted. Her Independent level was grade 1, instructional grade 1-2, and Frustration Level is Grade 3. Can this student benefit from a pull-out intervention program that focus on sight words and decoding? Conclusion This paper described the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the reading classroom.It will also described how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the guided is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper described the instructional level of a student previously interview in Module 1. References Pinnell, G. S. (2007, Guided Reading Program, Scholastic, Scholastic, Red, New York, NY Scholastic. Com Retrieved September 14, 2009 from http//www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id+4177.

Mathematics And Being Mathematical Education Essay

Are making maths and being mathematical separate thoughts? The reply lies in our apprehension of maths itself. Devlin ( 2005 ) explains that mathematics is recognizing and pull stringsing forms while Barton ( 2009, p.5 ) describes being mathematical as prosecuting an question. When combined, the two thoughts represent the geographic expedition of mathematical constructs through the usage of problem-solving and logical cerebration ( Baroody, Coslick, & A Wilkins, 1998, p.1-13 ) . Pratt ( 2006, p.52 ) supports this theory by claiming that in order to do maths we must hold a job to puddle out . He continues by proposing that the word problem is replaced with enquiry , making lessons that promote the acquisition of mathematics through the application and development of cognition and accomplishments. This, consecutive, should forestall the accomplishments from being considered as sidetrack pieces of information.Fact-finding and question based acquisition spate authorise kids ( Wassermann, 2000, p.14 ) by leting them to be actively involved in, and have control over, their acquisition. The usage of open-ended see has the doable to increase the math talk in the schoolroom ( National Research Council, 2009, p.246 ) , and with linguistic communication playing a critical function in cognitive development ( Vygotsky & A Bruner, cited in Stierer & A Maybin, 1993, p.xi ) , it is logical that the usage of mathematical linguistic communication is considered when judging the quality of instruction and acquisition ( OfSTED, 2010 ) .During a recent lesson observation, I witnessed students discoursing their responses to the inquiry, The reply is 42. What is the inquiry? The kids were captured by the openness of the undertaking and enjoyed pass oning their thoughts and the logical sentiment behind them. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics ( 2009, p.3 ) discusses the value of interchanging thoughts when larning mathematics and suggests that it brook, help scholars sharpen their force to ground, speculation, and do connexions . Teachers do, nevertheless, need to be able to scaffold the give-and-take by utilizing careful oppugning ( Bottle, 2005, pp.122-123 ) in order to vouch that the treatment is valuable, develops understanding and remains unfastened.The usage of open-ended inquiring does, nevertheless, require that kids accept that there may non be an ultimate end to acetify towards ( Yeo, 2007, p.7 ) . This poses several challenges, including the possibleness that unexpected acquisition may happen ( Yeo, 2007, p.9 ) . Good instruction, nevertheless, means being able to transform unexpected finds into chances for farther acquisition ( Idris, 2006, p.53 ) . I observed an simile of this during a lesson appendage A where students were invited to utilize a map to look into the distances of possible paths to given finishs. Students began their probe by specializing choosing a finish and so ciphering the distances util izing a graduated table. The people of students focused, as anticipated, on the roads, nevertheless one group chose to compare pedestrianised paths with those of vehicles, ensuing in unexpected treatments that linked mensurating distances to clip and velocity. Their logical thinking was that they conjectured that some finishs might be reached more easy by going on pes and they tested this during the probe. This illustration reveals that the kids, when presented with an open-ended question, were believing creatively, and sho move ong their ability to inter-link mathematical constructs and present farther inquiries when presented with a existent life context.This illustration besides confirmed that students were utilizing and using in mathematics by practising the appropriate accomplishments place in counsel by the TheA Department for Education and Skills ( DfES. , 2006a, p.4 ) . With these accomplishments besides being attributed to fact-finding work ( Yeo & A Yeap, 2010, p.4 ) , it is sensible to presume that mathematical probes will sanction up the accomplishment of the National Curriculum s utilizing and using aims. Measuring the degree or accomplishment of the aims has the potency, nevertheless, to be debatable ( Klavir & A Hershkovitz, 2008, p.2 ) although this can be addressed by instructors working collaboratively with students to measure the effectivity of their probes ( TDA. , 2008, p.8, Q28 ) .I observed an illustration of students utilizing and measuring their fact-finding accomplishments during a lesson where they, when presented with a figure mystifier Appendix B , began by specializing utilizing a given illustration, and so formed speculations about forms that might look. This provided them with a focal point for their question, and the assurance to prove their thoughts which resulted in the bulk of students organizing generalizations about the forms created by the Numberss. Each group so explained the concluding behind their chosen methods and decisions with the remainder of the category pass oning their ideas on the effectivity of the chosen schemes. The pupils work Appendices C & A D clearly shows that they were able to organize speculations at assorted points in the probe, proposing that they were constructing on their bing cognition, a procedure identified by Piaget as indispensable for cognitive development ( Slavin, 1994, p.32 ) and besides a critical constituent to constructivist acquisition ( Boghossian, 2006, p.714 ) . The kids who were able to generalize, did so as a consequence of effectual communication and following a systematic attack to their probe. Conversely, some students struggled to place any numerical relationships as a consequence of lacks in their ability to cipher expeditiously. This character of battle can, nevertheless, be good to larning.John Stewart Mill ( n.d. ) one time said, The student, who is neer required to make what he can non make, neer does what he can make . This doctrine of instruction is supported by Vygotsky s claim ( Slavin, 1994, p49 ) that kids need to travel out of their comfort zone if they are to accomplish their possible and theA DfES ( 2006a, p.8 ) upholds this thought by explicating that disputing undertakings are important when developing job work outing schemes. However, although outlooks need to be high ( TDA. , 2008, p.8, Q1 ) they besides need to be practical(prenominal) ( Malone, 2003, p.239 ) and therefore it is indispensable that all instructors are cognizant of kids s current degrees of apprehension and, as a consequence, program suitably differentiated activities ( TDA. , 2008, p.8, Q10 ) that enabled all kids to win ( Kendall-Seatter, 2005, p.3 ) .In drumhead, by uniting directed instruction of mathematical techniques with learning the procedures of fact-finding mathematics ( DfES, 2006b, p65 ) , kids can larn to utilize fact-finding accomplishments jointly to work out jobs and to research the universe around them. Using these accomplishments creates successful scholars who can utilize errors to assist them to come on and who enjoy larning ( Rose, 2009, p.34 ) . By developing oppugning accomplishments, kids can larn to organize insightful speculations that they will be motivated to prove and turn out. Communicating will let them to widen their thoughts ( Cockcroft, 1982, p.73 ) and unfastened, disputing and meaningful jobs will active intrinsic motive ( Pratt, 2006, p.51 ) and let them to do mathematics and be mathematical.

Abercrombie and Fitch – Essay

. Abercrombie and foumart Researched a. Brands & Corporate Im mature Abercrombie & foulmart Rooted in eastern United States Coast traditions and Ivy League heritage, Abercrombie & skunk is the essence of privilege and casual luxury. The Adirondacks supply a bloodless and rugged inspiration to this youthful All-American lifestyle. A combination of classic and sexy creates a charged personal line of credit that is confident and just a bit provocative. Idolized and respected, Abercrombie & foulmart is timeless and always cool. Hollister Hollister is the fantasy of gray California. It is the feeling of chilling on the beach with your friends.Young, spirited, and with a sense of humor, Hollister never takes itself too seriously. The laidback lifestyle and solid image combine to give Hollister an energy thats effortlessly cool. Hollister brings Southern California to the world. Gilly Hicks. Gilly Hicks is the cheeky full cousin of Abercrombie & polecat. Inspired by the free s pirit of Sydney, Australia, Gilly Hicks makes cute Push Em Up bras and Down Undies for the young, by nature beautiful and always confident girl flirty and c arfree, with a little tomboy sexiness. Gilly Hicks is the All-American brand with a Sydney sensibility. a.Sales On the next page is a Chart that has sates Abercrombie and polecat gross sales for fiscal years 2007-2011 Abercrombie and Fitch has tell the objective of increasing their operating margin back to historical levels of around 15% by monetary 2012. They created a roadmap that outlines the factors they need to be aware of in order to procure this goal. 1. )Origin eithery intended to plus hoggish margin to 67% by 2012 due to sourcing costs they no longer believe this to be possible. By increasing the ticket price on items and hoping that international offshoot continues, they hope to offset the costs.Though they worry that the increase in price may affect sales, they do not intend to sacrifice quality to achieve th eir gross margin goal. 2. )Improve average domestic terminal quality by increasing store sales increment and closing underperforming stores. They expect at least 7% increase in sales store growth for 2011 and 2012. They expect to close 50 stores at the end of 2011. 3. )Achieve significantly profitable international growth by opening up to 40 international mall-based Hollister stores, including the first stores in mainland China & Hong Kong. 4. Sustain blotto growth rates in direct-to-consumer business from multiple investments they are making in the business and from their increase international presence. 5. ) Improve the productivity of the Gilly Hicks brand by expanding the store count for the brand and having a caterpillar track to profitability. 6. )Maintain tight control over expenses and seeking greater efficiencies, an example of which is their plan to consolidate is expected to be completed by mid-2012 and is expected to facilitate the sale of the second distribution c enter and result in reduced operational costs. . )During Fiscal 2011, based on naked store opening plans and other superior expenditures, Abercrombie expects total capital expenditures to be approximately $300 million to $350 million, with the upper end of the range beingness subject to Abercrombie achieving the higher end of its range of potential new store openings. b. Product Mix Abercrombie and Fitch has a wide variety of products in all of their stores. Some of the items are apparel, outerwear, fragrance, jewelry, swimwear, and lingerie (A&F and Gilly Hicks).They separate in product categories such as, knit and woven shirts, graphic t-shirts, fleece, jeans and woven pants. The pricing strategy that Abercrombie and Fitch has a rather simple pricing strategy in comparison to legion(predicate) other enduringness retailers. By staying ahead of the curve with fashion trends, Abercrombie has granted themselves the ability to price their products at a reward without a drop in d emand from consumers. Their goal is to inspire consumers to strive for the Abercrombie & Fitch lifestyle. Sales Associates are cast as Models to Illustrate the execution of the Abercrombie Lifestyle in stores. There is not a sloshed focus on selling/service model in stores. They focus more on opthalmic merchandising and associate appearance than in selling structure, and behaviors. c. Target Market The Target market for Abercrombie and Fitch is 18-22 year old high school/college students. Thy typically have an active lifestyle that involves locations such as the beach, woods, or mountains. Tbe customer usually has a medium to high income.Gilly Hicks is only for women. Hollister Co. is a chain targeted at boys and girls in high school, based in California. Abercrombie Kids is targeted to boys and girls ages 7-14. The Psychographic Segmentation is a very important part of Abercrombie and Fitchs marketing as well. The feel of the store is something that Abercrombie and Fitch focuses on. It is a fun-loving, care free, sexy, and independent. d. Opportunities and Risks Like each other corporation and company, Abercrombie and Fitch has its opportunities and its risks.One opportunity would be market share leadership, expanding international presence. Also, new store openings would enhance top-line. Lastly, online retail sales have taken off. Social media is also growing and the growth is an opportunity for Abercrombie and Fitch to be more involved in it. A big risk that Abercrombie and Fitch faces and almost all retail companies is economic recession would decrease sales. Also, dependence on third caller manufacturers is a big risk. The price of raw materials and commodity prices rising is also a big risk. . away Campaigns Abercrombie and Fitchs clothing is racy and casual at the same time, leaving many enquire what exactly phrases, such as Flirt like crazy, Wake up sandy, on many of their simple cotton t-shirts are insinuating. Abercrombies marketing campaign rivals, if no surpasses, the sexiness of its clothing line by using photos of barely-clothed young men and women to sell its merchandise. Their advertize becomes sexier with every year, as more and more models in their advertisements wear less clothing.Every quarter, Abercrombie puts out for sale a magazine called the A&F Quarterly, which has over the years become so scandalous that it is now necessary to be 18 years of age in order to purchase . With many pictures of topless girls and young men, it is considered by many to qualify as soft pornography. Employees of Abercrombie are also used as part of their selling strategy. On the sales floor, employees mustiness be wearing an outfit comprised of current Abercrombie and Fitch stock, and its not a coincidence that all employees are thin and naturally good-looking.Despite having what many people might call an offensive marketing and advertising campaign, every weekend, Abercrombie and Fitch stores are filled with kids and young adu lts waiting for dressing rooms and checkout service in obscenely long lines to purchase even more of their clothing. Long lines and over-crowded stores are a teeny-weeny price to pay for many kids trying to look cool by what they see in Abercrombie and Fitch stores and its advertising. C. Proposals for Advertising campaign 2012

Reasearch Paper-Barriers Among Homeless Youth

Barriers Among unsettled Youth In Health Care Sebastian Henao Conestoga College homeless person personness amongst youth is communal in nearly every part of the world, including the region of Waterloo. Given these circumstances many young adults receive barricades that they must overcome in a daily basis in order to stay alive. virtually of these barriers include substance abuse, sexual copulation and poor access to health care. All of these barriers can potentially harm a young persons life.So how can nurses swear out the homeless person youth from overcoming these barriers? A review form Health-Seeking Challenges Among Homeless Youth suggests that information on healthcare services and assistance to homeless youth, is key for their wellbeing. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2009, 10 to 20 youth in Waterloo role are experiencing persistent homelessness and at least 75 are at-risk. These youth are more potential to engage in risky behaviour due to bar riers they experience every day.Even though the search of, Health-Seeking Challenges Among Homeless Youth was done in the United States, as nurses, we can still incorporate their message into our practice, the research was done to determine what were the biggest barriers homeless youth encountered in healthcare services. Do to this research nurses can project ways to ensure the wellness of homeless youth and ensure these barriers dont take place. As nurses we are taught that our patients deserve the best care possible, disregarding age or social status. Rather than bid resources for homeless youth, youth frequently were confronted with unforgettable comments that were full of judgment. (Hudson et al. ,2010) It is important that as nurses we are open and not make judgements in order to provide the best client care possible, this is seen as a barrier to homeless youth that feel like whenever they go to a clinic they are being discriminated. The different barriers that homeless you th encounter on a daily basis are not the same barriers that separate patients may encounter.Therefore, the health teaching used for homeless youth should be different than that of the average patient. Health-seeking Challenges among Homeless Youth research report has shown the different barriers the youth face and as nurses, we must be limber with providing them with the appropriate health teaching to ensure their wellness. Mental health, sexual orientation and substance abuse aid are just a few of the health teaching the youth need As a result, young adults called out for more outreach, particularly for mental health treatment (Hudson et al. , 2010).Being able to identify and score effective help to patients suffering from mental health, can lead to a better health and recovery. In order to reach out to the younger homeless population, all the related interproffessional teams should discuss what the best origin is to pass on the information to the youth. One way that the use could access the information is through programs or classes that can be held in shelters, these classes can be held to provide information regarding substance abuse, sexual intercourse and mental health how to reach help and if necessary could provide with other resources.Some other ways the information can be passed on the youth could be to hold clinics through the city, this can give a chance for the homeless to come get information and be able to get any help they need. According to Throughout the Waterloo region there are a number of programs to help out homeless people, however, these programs should incorporate information on how the health care services can help them.If we all give out together and provide the necessary information, the barriers that homeless youth experience in healthcare can be eliminated. References First Call Bc (2012). Resources on the Mental Health of Homeless youth in Canada. Retrieved folk 20, 2012 from http//firstcallbc. wordpress. com/2012/05/30/r esources-on-the-mental-health-of-homeless-youth-in-canada/ Hudson, A. , Nyamthi, A. , Greengold, B. , Slagle, A. , Koniak-Griffin, D. , Khalilifard, F. , & Getzoff, D. (2010).Health seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nursing Research, 59(3), 212-218. National Alliance to End Homelessness (2009). New reinforcement for Homeless Youth Services and Housing Guide to Community Planners and Youth Advocates. Retrieved September 20, 2012, from www. endhomelessness. org/section/ policy/focusareas/youth. Region of Waterloo (2010). Social planning, policy and program administration. Retrieved September 22, 2012, from http//www. regionofwaterloo. ca/en/regionalGovernment/resources/SA2010-0406. pd

My Leadership Capabilities

According to me, drawing cardship is a quality of an unmarried that makes him stand beyond the crowd. Leadership is all ab bulge out organizing a company of people, understanding them, monitoring them, identifying & adenylic acid allocating them desired role, getting the best work wear downe out of them & adenineere lastly reward them. The master(prenominal) objective of the drawing card is to get the best out of his team in order to fancy the goals of an organization. peradventure different loss leaders have different methodology but their objective has of all time been same.Our group in return sumd on the following skills which we strongly believe a leader should perceive. 1. Interpersonal Skills It includes the positive attitude, manners, gestures & international adenylic acidere behavior of a skillful leader. A unattack equal leader should use these interpersonal skills to solve the conflicts in the group & adenylic acid to maintain peace & discipline in the orga nization. 2. Communication skills A legal leader demonstrates communication skills as being a well listener & speaker. There shouldnt be communication barrier between a leader & his subordinates.The meaning of words should be easily understood by both leader & the team catch in order to carry the workflow smoothly. 3. Relationships Trust is the base of each & e real relationship. In order to maintain a good relationship a leader should rootage understand engages of his teammates which willing help him to allocate capable role to that individual. A good leader should associate with his subordinates develop the interpersonal relationships & feeling of belongingness. 4. pauperization A good leader should al instructions ignite the fire in his subordinates in order to meet the desired goal & objective of the organization.Leaders are responsible for create confidence in their teams & setting an example of their own in order to inspire their team. 5. Time man agement TIME IS AN eternity says SHIV KHERA. Time is the most vital factor in life a good leader should unendingly set an example of utilizing the given time & gift the best out of it. 6. Decision overlord Making the right decision at the right time is the most vital characteristics of a good leader. Keeping in headspring the mission & vision of an organization, being loyal & honorable decisions should be made by a leader in order to meet the goals of an organization. 7.Constructive feedback Its very important for a good leader to provide his team with constructive feedback from time to time. Correct feedback helps teammates for hereafter improvements & enhancements. After the feedback which I got from my team mates, I was a bit surprised & stupefied as well, because I got to know my strengths & weaknesses more precisely also the areas where I need to improve. Considering interpersonal skill, my group feels I am very good at it. One of my team mates told me he just adores my greeting style like every morning I greet them wishing good morning & retentivity a smile on my face.They told me this attitude of mine just drives them to a good start in the morning. Also they liked my positive attitude towards work which moves them to complete their appellative within the given time limit. They explained me this point giving an example of when we were allocated a task to be holy within short span of time I was the first to treat the initiative of being a team leader & taking responsibility on my shoulder, this positive attitude of mine cause them & we manage to complete the task within the time limit giving the best out of us.Regarding communication skill my group feels that I am gauzy at it, I completely agree with them. Thats probably because I have a very smooth communication with them , my gesture, body language, the way I speak is easily understood by them & also the vice versa is true. They also praised me for my excelle nt listening skills perhaps according to me thats the most crucial factor a good leader should posses, I strongly believe in order to be a good speaker you first need to be a very good listener.My group feels I am good at maintaining relationships. One of my team mates told me he was very much surprised to notice my presence in his surprise birthday party. I have always maintained good relations with my team mates not only in the meetings or in the subprogram but also beyond the office walls. Understanding my teammates needs has always been first on my priority list it helps me in order to assign a particular task to the subordinate well suited for that task. It also helps me in making decisions to reward & promote my teammates.Maintaining a good relationship with your team helps in building trust in your team which ultimately results in best work out of your team. Also its very vital to maintain relationship with your teammates keeping in mind they dont take it for granted perh aps then as a leader you wont be able to get best out of them. My group feels I am good at motivating them in order to make them complete the assigned work in time. I strongly feel that a good leader should have motivational factor in abundance in order to motivate his team.My teammates told me they get very much motivated by the words I use when I am assumeing speech. One of my teammates was nervous & frustrated because of the work load I told him about my own beget of life how I faced ups & downs in my life but every time keeping a smile on my face I had enjoyed those phase which brought smile on his face & he assured me hence forth whenever he shall be feeling low he will remember my experience & will go back to work & will deliver the best out of it.He had also thanked me publicly for the motivation I gave him. A good leader should always value the time because its well said if you dont value the time practise value you. Perhaps this is where I need to improve a lot, my group feels that I am clean in time management I whole heartedly welcome their criticism. I have been told by my group that at time I am not punctual in the meetings, well I dont blame them but for sure I will rectify it keeping in mind as a leader I need to set an example for them that has to be excellent & not just fine or average.My group feels I am good at making decisions, I agree to them because I have taken few decisions which were ironical to them but later on it proved to be beneficial to the organization. Perhaps keeping in mind the goals & setting respectable standards I need to improve in making decisions. When it comes to giving feedback I know I am a bit reserved because I dont want to hurt anybodys emotions or ethics. Thats why my group feels I am poor at giving feedbacks.A good leader should always give accurate feedback to his subordinates it helps them to improve in future also it furnish them with the congratulates & rewards they get from t he feedbacks which builds their confidence level. A good leader should always be fair in giving feedback this is where I need to improve a lot because my feedbacks are always positive to all my team mates even if their work is not appropriate which hinders them to learn & improve in future.I strongly believe that life is a learning process & as a good leader I have always learn from whatever came on my way whether its a compliment or its a criticism. From the feedbacks I have learned that I need to be fair in giving feedbacks, I need to manage time well & I need to lead my team in a correct path which leads to achieving the desire goals & objectives of our organization.List of References 1. Mullins, L. (2010) MANAGMENT AND ORGINIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, ninth edition, financial times prentice hall. 2. U. S. Air Force online available from http//www. legacee. com/Info/Leadership/Definitions. html

Marriott Corporation Essay

While instruction was counteract in some aspects of measuring debt capacity for Marriott mountain, the method used to obtain the ratio of 6.64 did non include the debt from the previous repurchase, grossly overstating the ratio and leading to accept that Marriott Corporation had a large unsused ingredient of debt capacity. This is shown in Exhibit 5. After thorough analysis and a different approach to finding the debt capacity, it is reason that the actual debt capacity for Marriott Corporation is 3.94 EBIT-ad unlessed/ brighten matter to. To come up with the actual debt capacity for Marriott Corporation, the EBIT-adjusted/net interest ratio was still used, but the numbers supporting the ratio were altered. From Exhibit 5, we get the total debt of Marriott at the end of 1979.Total debt is defined as the sum of short-term loan, current portion of long-term debt, precedential debt and capital leases. The average market expense of Marriott in 1979 was $14.9/share, and the inter est rate for Baa corporate debt was 12%. It was assumed that Marriott repurchased stock at the price of $15/share using 12% debt financing. Using the net interest before the repurchase, which was $27.8 million, it is concluded that adjusted EBIT was $184.59 million. In 1979, additional debt from the repurchase of stock $159 million, adding this to the debt of the original figures, the untested debt is totaled at $583.83 million. Using a 12% interest rate from the impertinently debt and finding the new numbers for the ratio, the new adjusted EBIT-adjusted/net interest ratio is 3.94. This figure hits below Marriott Corporations benchmark of 5. reverting shareowners CapitolA. New Debt Capacity And Repurchasing SharesIf the homes stock is in a position to be affected by dilution, repurchasing shares whitethorn be a solution. This would allow Marriott Corporation to maintainits ability to make decisions utilizing all the available resources. This was antecedently genius by Marriott in 1979 with the repurchase of 5 million shares. With the new debt capacity ratio at 3.94, a repurchase share pick is not recommended as Marriott Corporation does not have the exorbitance debt capacity previously thought to carry out this alternative. Performing a secondary scenario analysis, suppose Marriott had just enough debt capacity, which heart new adjusted EBIT/Net interest ratio equals 5.Using this number, the repurchase price should be $7.17 so that Marriott Corporation could utilize its debt capacity fully. Using this number, only 10.6 million shares could be purchased resulting in the repurchase of stock alternative not taking place as expected. This would result in investors to believe that Marriott Corporation has hit its growth limit, as the repurchase strategy would not have enough wisdom to persuade investors through EPS and ROE that Marriott Corporation is still a growing company. It is concluded that repurchasing shares is not the correct alternative, even wi th a benchmark debt capacity of 5.B. Increasing DividendsWhile increasing dividends would be a straightforward alternative to satisfy investors, it is not without its repercussions as well. If dividends were to be paid out, a gradual steady enlarge over many course of studys would be the best alternative, as one lump sum defrayment does not resolve the debt capacity issue, as well as signify to investors negative signs if Marriot Corporation were to one year pay a high divided and the next decrease that same dividend.Typically, when a firm increases dividends, that level of dividends must be maintained to satisfy shareowners, as well as institutional investors and mind- treated investors. Another factor to consider when analyzing this alternative, is that although Marriott Corporation has had high growth is recent years, compared to competitors, the stock price, return on equity, as well as earnings per share are low, as seen in Exhibit 11 and Exhibit 12. Although paying divide nds in conjunction with a to a greater extent than value creating alternative could be used, totally paying out dividends is not recommended.Promote GrowthA. Diversify Through AcquisitionMarriott also has the alternative to invest in a new firm. MarriottCorporation has a competitive advantage that could be passed on if they were to acquire existing companies. This competitive advantage is obtained through their competitive expertise of the industry, as well as proven higher moving in rate than their competition. The companys assets are mainly real-estate based which means that they should put a premium on the land that they can get by acquiring a new firm. There is relatively little risk in acquiring another firm as well, because their sales can be seen and analyzed before Marriott Corporation makes an offer. correspond to Exhibit 10 in that location is a very high price to be paid for a new hotel. Prices paid for hotels, however, did not rise at all from 1975-1978 and number of offers stayed relatively reasonable.From 1977-1978 acquiring another hotel chain actually became a better deal at several data points. Market price/book value dropped easily meaning that hotels became a much better value for the amount of assets they had. Market price/cash stop is lower as well, with average return on equity rising as well. One caution is that buying hotel chains in the market value of $25-$250 million had a much higher postage offer/ market value in 1978 up from 39.64% to 60.05%, while hotel chains over 250 million dropped by virtually as much. Although there is a risk involved with buying any company or hotel, hotels which are thoroughly analyzed beforehand could be excellent ways to promote growth in the Marriott Corporation. Hotels that would be purchased would be proven to succeed in their respective locations. B.Accerlerate Expansion of Existing BusinessMarriot has 2 options about the operation of hotel chains. First, it can own the hotel and enjoy th e profit valuation reserve. Second, it can fail the hotel but maintain management contracts so it controls the operation of such units. Following is the detailed decomposition of costs associated with two options. According to Exhibit 9, in 1978 the typical cost for a hotel room consists of improvement cost, furniture, fixtures and equipment cost, land cost, pre-opening cost and run cost. For an owned hotel, Marriot had to pay the total cost for running the property, but if it is managed, Marriot only had operating cost because the emptor was responsible for the maintenance. In an attempt to emphasize more on return on invested capital quite an than margins, Marriot sold some of their existing hotels and retainedmanagement contract to free up capital. Managed hotels had operating margin of 8%-10%, while owned had 15%. We assume 10% margin for managed hotels and 15% for owned hotels. To fix when to sell the property, we analyze the remaining present value of future cash flow o f a hotel at different point of time in its life cycle.We further assume that when the hotel is sold, the selling price is set so that present value of future cash flow equals the 10% margin. We assume $50 revenue per room night of a typical 150-room hotel, and one year has 360 days. Sales level for each year in the life cycle connects to the occupancy rate. From the graph in Exhibit 9, we get different occupancy rate for the whole life cycle. It reaches the peak 100% at year 8, and later year 10, it declines almost linearly to 10% in year 30. We can see that if Marriot sells the hotel before opening, the selling price would be $1.63 million at time 0. After the peak, assuming year 9, the selling price would be $ 1.55 million.The goo value of PV is at year 4, which has $2.85 million in PV at 15% margin. Marriot Corporation would free up more capital if it sells the hotel before opening, but instead it would lose more operating profit. If Marriot is short of capital, it could sell the hotel up-front so that the freed up capital can be invested in other profitable projects. Selling after the peak is a good choice if Marriot wants to enjoy the increasing operating profit before the peak. Shareholder value can be added if the return on freed-up capital exceeds the profit loss from selling the property. testimonyAfter the analysis of the different alternatives, and correctly measuring debt capacity, it is concluded that Marriott Corporation does not return shareholder capital but instead promotes growth of the existing company. This provides benefits in a couple of ways. By promoting growth, Marriott Corporation can signal to investors that the firm is still growing, providing incentives for institutional investors as well as individual investors, resulting in a positive market outlook for Marriott Corporation.Also, with the actual debt capacity measured, it is shown that Marriott Corporation does not have the additional capacity to undertake those alternatives, resulting in even more negatives in the future. By promoting the existing business, Marriott Corporation has more control over their financial prospects, through the possibilities of merging or opening orbuilding more hotels. This would provide positive NPV for Marriott Corporation, and perhaps in the future when cash flows continue to be positive as well as debt continues to shrink, Marriott Corporation can look into returning shareholders capital.

M1 Revision Exam Notes

The humongous50RevisionGuidelines? M1 OPHS TheBig50RevisionGuidelinesforM1 Ifyoucanunderstandalloftheseyoulldoverywell 1. studywhatismeantbyaModelinMechanics,andwhyallreal? lifesystemshavetobe modelledinordertobeanalysedtheoretically 2. bonkhoweverydayobjectsaremodelledasParticle,Lamina,RigidBody,Rod(Light,Uniform,Non? uniform), draw in(Light,Inextensible),Pulley(Light,Smooth),Surface(Rough,Smooth),Bead,Wire andPegandthecorrespondingassumptionsthatgowitheachofthese 3.Knowthedifference mingled withaVectorandaScalarquantity,andbe suitabletogiveanexampleofeach 4. Understandand aimtheideaofavectortorepresentdisplacements,velocities,accelerationsand forcesinaplane 5. Knowthedifference amidspeed(ascalar)andvelocity(avector) 6. Knowthedifferencebetweenmassandweight 7. Knowthedifferencebetweengravitationalaccelerationandgravitationalforce 8. Beabletoexplainwhataforceiswithout usingthewordforce 9. Beabletoexplainwhattimeiswithoutusingthewordtime 10.Givenavelocityoraccelerationintermsofuniti andjvectors,understandhowto befallits magnitudeanddirection,andviceversa 11. Knowhowtoworkwithiandjcomponentsseparatelyincalculations 12. Knowhowto framedownstraightawaythepositionvectorattimetofaparticle, presumptionitsinitial positionvectorandthevelocitywithwhichitismoving 13. UnderstandtheTriangleLawandParallelogramLawforcombiningvectors 14. UnderstandhowtoapplytheSineandCosineRulesforcalculatinganglesbetweenvectors 1 TheBig50RevisionGuidelines?M1 OPHS 15. Knowhowtoresolveanyvector(force,velocity,acceleration)intotwoperpendiculardirections usingsineandcosinerespectively 16. Beabletoquotefrommemoryatleastfivedifferentformulaedescribingmotionunder immutable acceleration,usingthefivevariablesinthemnemonicuvats 17. KnowhowtoconstructandinterprettimegraphsforDisplacement,Velocity/ reanimateand Acceleration,withparticularunderstandingofwhatcanbedeterminedfromthegradientof,and/or theareaunder,thegraph and sodrawn 18.BeabletoquotefrommemoryNewtonsthreeLawsofMotion 19. Knowhowto figuremom entumgiventhemassandvelocityofaparticle 20. Beabletoexplainthe inter-group communicationbetweenImpulse,Force,TimeandMomentum 21. Knowthe connecterbetweenthegradientofaslopeandthe topazoftheangleitmakeswith thehorizontal 22. Knowhowtocalculateanytwoofsin? ,cos? andtan? giventhethird,withoutfindingthevalueof ? first 23. Knowhowtosolvequadraticequationsusingavarietyofmethods as welltheformula 24.Knowhowtosolvesimultaneousequationsusingavarietyofmethods 25. BeabletoexplaintheconnectionbetweenFrictionForceF,CoefficientofFrictionandReaction ForceR,inparticularbeingabletoexplainthecircumstancesinwhichfrictionincreasestoa maximumvalueandthenstaysatthatvalue 26. Beabletodescribeascenarioinwhichfrictionisactingupaslope,andthenanotherscenarioin whichfrictionisactingdownaslope 27. Understandhowto construeagivenquestioninordertodeterminethenatureanddirectionoffriction

ECommerce application for Computer Hardware Sale Essay

ECommerce application for Computer Hardware Sale - Essay lawsuitIt likewise details what prior investigations have proven and how the current research relates or differs from past efforts. unanticipated consequences may also be indicated by previous research, whose ones own investigation can investigate (Cooper, 1998, p. 3).To get word where asp fits into the big picture of web development, it is necessary to get wind the concept of a server-side scripting language. The regular, non-ASP sack pages plant life when the Web browser on the client computer (the computer belonging to the user) makes a request for a page, say file.html. Assuming the requested file exists on the Web host computer where the Web innkeeper software can find it, that software replies to the request by sending the file back to the browser. any additional files (images, for example) required to display the page are requested and received in the same way. The communications protocol used for this exchange , and indeed for all communication between Web browsers and Web servers is called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (Liberty, Jesse. Hurwitz, Dan, 2005). This books is important in the research since the details are able to present a scenario of how ASP is used.In addition to theatre of operations HTML code, small programs written in JavaScript can also be buy the remotem by the web browser while the page is displayed in the browser. Therefore, the Web browser must understand non only how to read HTML and display text and images, but it must also be able to run JavaScript programs appearing inside Web pages. This arrangement, where the Web browser runs the script after receiving it from the Web server, is called client-side scripting (Edwards and Adams, 2006). The Web server is completely oblivious to whether the file it is sending contains a script or not it is all up to the browser (the client) to handle execution of the script.ASP fits into a different category of technolog ies, called server-side scripting, where it is no longer the browser running on the client that is responsible for running the script. Instead, it is the Web server that runs the script. In this case, however, the filename ends with .asp (file. asp, for example), branding it as a file containing an ASP script that needs to be bear on by the server. The server recognizes this, and instead of directly sending the requested file back to the browser, it sends the file to the ASP scripting engine. The engine is a component of the Web server software that can interpret ASP scripts and production the results as HTML. Just as when the page contained client-side JavaScript and the server was completely unaware of this fact, when the page contains server-side ASP script, the browser does not know this at all. The ASP code contained in the page is interpreted and converted to plain HTML by the ASP engine before the browser gets to see it so as far as the browser is concerned an ASP page look s just like any normal Web page. All the work is done on the server-side thus the name, server-side scripting. (Murach and Boehm, 2006).Jones (1999, p. 368) states that one must make a performer to create a table that can accept the rows from many remote databases if a task is precondition to write the local order-entry application and an ASP.NET page to accept the orders through a secured connection. Changing the data from the laptops is not allowed in this process. Jones views this as a tough problem